Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long‐Term Cognitive Deficits

Abstract Controllable and reproducible animal models of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are crucial for the systematic study of the pathophysiology and treatment of this debilitating condition. However, current animal models have not been successful in replicating the pathology and disabili...

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Main Authors: Deepti Diwan, Jogender Mehla, James W. Nelson, James D. Quirk, Sheng‐Kwei Song, Sarah Cao, Benjamin Meron, Aminah Mostofa, Gregory J. Zipfel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:Advanced Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202403977
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author Deepti Diwan
Jogender Mehla
James W. Nelson
James D. Quirk
Sheng‐Kwei Song
Sarah Cao
Benjamin Meron
Aminah Mostofa
Gregory J. Zipfel
author_facet Deepti Diwan
Jogender Mehla
James W. Nelson
James D. Quirk
Sheng‐Kwei Song
Sarah Cao
Benjamin Meron
Aminah Mostofa
Gregory J. Zipfel
author_sort Deepti Diwan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Controllable and reproducible animal models of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are crucial for the systematic study of the pathophysiology and treatment of this debilitating condition. However, current animal models have not been successful in replicating the pathology and disabilities seen in SAH patients, especially the long‐term neurocognitive deficits that affect the survivor's quality of life. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop experimental models that reliably replicate the long‐term clinical ramifications of SAH – especially in mice where genetic manipulations are straightforward and readily available. To address this need, a standardized mouse SAH model is developed that reproducibly produced significant and trackable long‐term cognitive deficits. SAH is induced by performing double blood injections into the prechiasmatic cistern – a simple modification to the well‐characterized single prechiasmatic injection mouse model of SAH. Following SAH, mice recapitulated key characteristics of SAH patients, including cerebral edema measured by MRI ‐ an indicator of early brain injury (EBI), neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and long‐term cognitive impairment. This newly developed SAH mouse model is considered an ideal paradigm for investigating the complex SAH pathophysiology and identifying novel druggable therapeutic targets for treating SAH severity and SAH‐associated long‐term neurocognitive deficits in patients.
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spelling doaj-art-84863c3d98ce4a04b2b5e0168f91b5732024-12-11T16:00:49ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442024-12-011146n/an/a10.1002/advs.202403977Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long‐Term Cognitive DeficitsDeepti Diwan0Jogender Mehla1James W. Nelson2James D. Quirk3Sheng‐Kwei Song4Sarah Cao5Benjamin Meron6Aminah Mostofa7Gregory J. Zipfel8Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USADepartment of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USADepartment of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USAMallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USAMallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USADepartment of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USADepartment of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USADepartment of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USADepartment of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USAAbstract Controllable and reproducible animal models of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are crucial for the systematic study of the pathophysiology and treatment of this debilitating condition. However, current animal models have not been successful in replicating the pathology and disabilities seen in SAH patients, especially the long‐term neurocognitive deficits that affect the survivor's quality of life. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop experimental models that reliably replicate the long‐term clinical ramifications of SAH – especially in mice where genetic manipulations are straightforward and readily available. To address this need, a standardized mouse SAH model is developed that reproducibly produced significant and trackable long‐term cognitive deficits. SAH is induced by performing double blood injections into the prechiasmatic cistern – a simple modification to the well‐characterized single prechiasmatic injection mouse model of SAH. Following SAH, mice recapitulated key characteristics of SAH patients, including cerebral edema measured by MRI ‐ an indicator of early brain injury (EBI), neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and long‐term cognitive impairment. This newly developed SAH mouse model is considered an ideal paradigm for investigating the complex SAH pathophysiology and identifying novel druggable therapeutic targets for treating SAH severity and SAH‐associated long‐term neurocognitive deficits in patients.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202403977long‐term cognitive impairmentprechiasmatic cisternsubarachnoid hemorrhage
spellingShingle Deepti Diwan
Jogender Mehla
James W. Nelson
James D. Quirk
Sheng‐Kwei Song
Sarah Cao
Benjamin Meron
Aminah Mostofa
Gregory J. Zipfel
Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long‐Term Cognitive Deficits
Advanced Science
long‐term cognitive impairment
prechiasmatic cistern
subarachnoid hemorrhage
title Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long‐Term Cognitive Deficits
title_full Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long‐Term Cognitive Deficits
title_fullStr Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long‐Term Cognitive Deficits
title_full_unstemmed Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long‐Term Cognitive Deficits
title_short Development and Validation of a Prechiasmatic Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage to Measure Long‐Term Cognitive Deficits
title_sort development and validation of a prechiasmatic mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage to measure long term cognitive deficits
topic long‐term cognitive impairment
prechiasmatic cistern
subarachnoid hemorrhage
url https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202403977
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