Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in Colombia
Abstract This document determines the causes of mortality (2008–2022) and calculate per capita health expenditure (2013–2021) in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in the Colombian population, considering year, gender and age group. For this nationwide retrospective descriptive observatio...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84150-4 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841544759823302656 |
|---|---|
| author | Oscar Espinosa Valeria Bejarano Isabella Franky Sandeep Pagali Michael Drummond Oscar H. Franco |
| author_facet | Oscar Espinosa Valeria Bejarano Isabella Franky Sandeep Pagali Michael Drummond Oscar H. Franco |
| author_sort | Oscar Espinosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This document determines the causes of mortality (2008–2022) and calculate per capita health expenditure (2013–2021) in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in the Colombian population, considering year, gender and age group. For this nationwide retrospective descriptive observational study, epidemiological regions, urban/rural areas and morbidities were also studied. A mean of 75,552 deaths was observed from 2008 to 2022. Deaths were higher due to ischemic heart disease, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular diseases in the oldest old Colombian population with urban areas having higher mortality rates than rural areas (an average of 948 (min: 847, max: 1207) against 630 (min: 558, max: 789) per 10,000 people, respectively). Conditions of cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, influenza pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most expensive in health care, summing above 5000 purchasing power parity USD on average (min: 2234, max: 7539). These conditions, along with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, were the most frequently recorded. COVID-19 incurred higher health expenditure in rural areas compared to urban areas (1090 vs. 519 purchasing power parity USD respectively). High prevalence (14·3%) and medical attention (16·8 health care utilisations per capita) were shown for organic mental disorders. Our analysis found that centenarians survived COVID-19 more than octogenarians and nonagenarians, with several hypotheses attributing this to their immune profiles. We found high expenditure on HIV/AIDS among older males suggesting the need for further study on sexually transmitted diseases prevention in this population. Lastly, Alzheimer’s disease, particularly in rural areas, had substantial expenditure. Therefore, neurodegenerative diseases and the impact of stressful events on mental health must be priorities for the health system to ensure adequate resource management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-83bdd26ab5d149b79c5636a4415a1a20 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-83bdd26ab5d149b79c5636a4415a1a202025-01-12T12:19:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-011511810.1038/s41598-024-84150-4Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in ColombiaOscar Espinosa0Valeria Bejarano1Isabella Franky2Sandeep Pagali3Michael Drummond4Oscar H. Franco5Economic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaEconomic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaEconomic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaDivision of Hospital Medicine & Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Mayo ClinicCentre for Health Economics, University of YorkSchool of Public Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University & Harvard T.H. Chan, Harvard UniversityAbstract This document determines the causes of mortality (2008–2022) and calculate per capita health expenditure (2013–2021) in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in the Colombian population, considering year, gender and age group. For this nationwide retrospective descriptive observational study, epidemiological regions, urban/rural areas and morbidities were also studied. A mean of 75,552 deaths was observed from 2008 to 2022. Deaths were higher due to ischemic heart disease, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular diseases in the oldest old Colombian population with urban areas having higher mortality rates than rural areas (an average of 948 (min: 847, max: 1207) against 630 (min: 558, max: 789) per 10,000 people, respectively). Conditions of cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, influenza pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most expensive in health care, summing above 5000 purchasing power parity USD on average (min: 2234, max: 7539). These conditions, along with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, were the most frequently recorded. COVID-19 incurred higher health expenditure in rural areas compared to urban areas (1090 vs. 519 purchasing power parity USD respectively). High prevalence (14·3%) and medical attention (16·8 health care utilisations per capita) were shown for organic mental disorders. Our analysis found that centenarians survived COVID-19 more than octogenarians and nonagenarians, with several hypotheses attributing this to their immune profiles. We found high expenditure on HIV/AIDS among older males suggesting the need for further study on sexually transmitted diseases prevention in this population. Lastly, Alzheimer’s disease, particularly in rural areas, had substantial expenditure. Therefore, neurodegenerative diseases and the impact of stressful events on mental health must be priorities for the health system to ensure adequate resource management.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84150-4CentenariansColombiaHealth care spendingLongevityMortalityNonagenarians |
| spellingShingle | Oscar Espinosa Valeria Bejarano Isabella Franky Sandeep Pagali Michael Drummond Oscar H. Franco Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in Colombia Scientific Reports Centenarians Colombia Health care spending Longevity Mortality Nonagenarians |
| title | Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in Colombia |
| title_full | Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in Colombia |
| title_fullStr | Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in Colombia |
| title_short | Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in Colombia |
| title_sort | mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians nonagenarians and centenarians in colombia |
| topic | Centenarians Colombia Health care spending Longevity Mortality Nonagenarians |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84150-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oscarespinosa mortalitycausesandhealthspendingbygenderandhealthconditionsinoctogenariansnonagenariansandcentenariansincolombia AT valeriabejarano mortalitycausesandhealthspendingbygenderandhealthconditionsinoctogenariansnonagenariansandcentenariansincolombia AT isabellafranky mortalitycausesandhealthspendingbygenderandhealthconditionsinoctogenariansnonagenariansandcentenariansincolombia AT sandeeppagali mortalitycausesandhealthspendingbygenderandhealthconditionsinoctogenariansnonagenariansandcentenariansincolombia AT michaeldrummond mortalitycausesandhealthspendingbygenderandhealthconditionsinoctogenariansnonagenariansandcentenariansincolombia AT oscarhfranco mortalitycausesandhealthspendingbygenderandhealthconditionsinoctogenariansnonagenariansandcentenariansincolombia |