Emerging antifungal resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysis
Trichophyton species, the leading cause of dermatophytosis globally, are increasingly resistant to antifungal treatments, concerns about effective management strategies. In light of the absence of established resistance criteria for terbinafine and azoles, coupled with a dearth of research on resist...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2450026 |
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| author | Yakun Shao Jin Shao Sybren de Hoog Paul Verweij Lin Bai Riina Richardson Malcolm Richardson Zhe Wan Ruoyu Li Jin Yu Yinggai Song |
| author_facet | Yakun Shao Jin Shao Sybren de Hoog Paul Verweij Lin Bai Riina Richardson Malcolm Richardson Zhe Wan Ruoyu Li Jin Yu Yinggai Song |
| author_sort | Yakun Shao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trichophyton species, the leading cause of dermatophytosis globally, are increasingly resistant to antifungal treatments, concerns about effective management strategies. In light of the absence of established resistance criteria for terbinafine and azoles, coupled with a dearth of research on resistance mechanisms in Trichophyton, antifungal susceptibility and drug resistance gene diversity were analyzed across 64 T. mentagrophytes, 65 T. interdigitale, and 2 T. indotineae isolates collected in China between 1999 and 2024 and 101 published T. indotineae strains. Analyses of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole revealed a concerning increase in T. indotineae with terbinafine resistance, including two novel isolates from China. Compared with T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes presented higher terbinafine MICs but similar azole susceptibility. Notably, 27 T. interdigitale isolates were classified as non-wild-type for terbinafine. Genetic diversity was analyzed for the SQLE, CYP51A and CYP51B gene. Specifically, T. indotineae isolates presented SQLE protein changes linked to terbinafine resistance. SQLE diversity was linked to terbinafine sensitivity, whereas alterations in CYP51A were associated with itraconazole sensitivity, with notable statistical significance evident across various protein isoforms. The relationship between protein diversity and drug sensitivity is presented in detail. Together, these findings highlight a growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Trichophyton and identify potential target genes for new therapies, underscoring the need for ongoing monitoring and offering directions for novel therapeutics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-833a12ef303f4a948af49c688555ca63 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-833a12ef303f4a948af49c688555ca632025-01-16T07:26:58ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2450026Emerging antifungal resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysisYakun Shao0Jin Shao1Sybren de Hoog2Paul Verweij3Lin Bai4Riina Richardson5Malcolm Richardson6Zhe Wan7Ruoyu Li8Jin Yu9Yinggai Song10Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaResearch Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaMycology Reference Centre Manchester and Department of Infectious Diseases, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKMycology Reference Centre Manchester and Department of Infectious Diseases, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaTrichophyton species, the leading cause of dermatophytosis globally, are increasingly resistant to antifungal treatments, concerns about effective management strategies. In light of the absence of established resistance criteria for terbinafine and azoles, coupled with a dearth of research on resistance mechanisms in Trichophyton, antifungal susceptibility and drug resistance gene diversity were analyzed across 64 T. mentagrophytes, 65 T. interdigitale, and 2 T. indotineae isolates collected in China between 1999 and 2024 and 101 published T. indotineae strains. Analyses of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole revealed a concerning increase in T. indotineae with terbinafine resistance, including two novel isolates from China. Compared with T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes presented higher terbinafine MICs but similar azole susceptibility. Notably, 27 T. interdigitale isolates were classified as non-wild-type for terbinafine. Genetic diversity was analyzed for the SQLE, CYP51A and CYP51B gene. Specifically, T. indotineae isolates presented SQLE protein changes linked to terbinafine resistance. SQLE diversity was linked to terbinafine sensitivity, whereas alterations in CYP51A were associated with itraconazole sensitivity, with notable statistical significance evident across various protein isoforms. The relationship between protein diversity and drug sensitivity is presented in detail. Together, these findings highlight a growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Trichophyton and identify potential target genes for new therapies, underscoring the need for ongoing monitoring and offering directions for novel therapeutics.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2450026Trichophyton mentagrophytes complexterbinafineantifungal susceptibilitySQLECYP51A/B |
| spellingShingle | Yakun Shao Jin Shao Sybren de Hoog Paul Verweij Lin Bai Riina Richardson Malcolm Richardson Zhe Wan Ruoyu Li Jin Yu Yinggai Song Emerging antifungal resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysis Emerging Microbes and Infections Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex terbinafine antifungal susceptibility SQLE CYP51A/B |
| title | Emerging antifungal resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysis |
| title_full | Emerging antifungal resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysis |
| title_fullStr | Emerging antifungal resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging antifungal resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysis |
| title_short | Emerging antifungal resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysis |
| title_sort | emerging antifungal resistance in trichophyton mentagrophytes insights from susceptibility profiling and genetic mutation analysis |
| topic | Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex terbinafine antifungal susceptibility SQLE CYP51A/B |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2450026 |
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