Dual-Action ascorbic acid–maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disorder involving decreased bone density and compromised structural integrity, ultimately heightening fracture risk. While maghemite nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity, their limited influence on osteoclasts reduces their therapeutic efficacy. To overco...

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Main Authors: Yu-Rim Lee, Seung Min Yu, Jeong-Woo Choi, Jeung Hee An
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009438
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author Yu-Rim Lee
Seung Min Yu
Jeong-Woo Choi
Jeung Hee An
author_facet Yu-Rim Lee
Seung Min Yu
Jeong-Woo Choi
Jeung Hee An
author_sort Yu-Rim Lee
collection DOAJ
description Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disorder involving decreased bone density and compromised structural integrity, ultimately heightening fracture risk. While maghemite nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity, their limited influence on osteoclasts reduces their therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this, we developed ascorbic acid-coated maghemite nanoparticles (AMN) that were further surface-modified with hyaluronic acid and polyethylene glycol for improved biocompatibility and stability. AMN scavenges reactive oxygen species and promotes collagen synthesis, offering a dual-functional approach to bone regeneration. Physicochemical analyses, including zeta potential, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and SEM, confirmed AMN formation and stability. In vitro, AMN significantly enhanced MG-63 cell growth, collagen synthesis, ALP activity, and mineral formation. It also TRAP activity measured during osteoclast induction from RAW 264.7 cell, demonstrating its osteoclast-inhibitory potential. Furthermore, AMN supports the formation of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix, facilitating biomineralization and osteogenesis. In vivo, ovariectomized rats treated with AMN exhibited increased bone volume fraction, thicker trabeculae, and reduced trabecular separation, indicating enhanced osteogenesis (BMP2, RUNX2, COL1, and osteocalcin) and suppressed bone resorption (TRAP, RANKL, and RANK). AMN is a promising therapeutic candidate for osteoporosis as it simultaneously promotes bone formation and inhibits bone loss, with strong potential for clinical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-823703ad2ef744e582d372ae59ae3e4c2025-08-20T04:01:02ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-10-0125811452310.1016/j.matdes.2025.114523Dual-Action ascorbic acid–maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosisYu-Rim Lee0Seung Min Yu1Jeong-Woo Choi2Jeung Hee An3Department of Integrative Bioengineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Bioengineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangseo University, Seoul 07661, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Bioengineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author at: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangseo University, Seoul 07661, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author at: Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangseo University, Seoul 07661, Republic of Korea.Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disorder involving decreased bone density and compromised structural integrity, ultimately heightening fracture risk. While maghemite nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity, their limited influence on osteoclasts reduces their therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this, we developed ascorbic acid-coated maghemite nanoparticles (AMN) that were further surface-modified with hyaluronic acid and polyethylene glycol for improved biocompatibility and stability. AMN scavenges reactive oxygen species and promotes collagen synthesis, offering a dual-functional approach to bone regeneration. Physicochemical analyses, including zeta potential, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and SEM, confirmed AMN formation and stability. In vitro, AMN significantly enhanced MG-63 cell growth, collagen synthesis, ALP activity, and mineral formation. It also TRAP activity measured during osteoclast induction from RAW 264.7 cell, demonstrating its osteoclast-inhibitory potential. Furthermore, AMN supports the formation of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix, facilitating biomineralization and osteogenesis. In vivo, ovariectomized rats treated with AMN exhibited increased bone volume fraction, thicker trabeculae, and reduced trabecular separation, indicating enhanced osteogenesis (BMP2, RUNX2, COL1, and osteocalcin) and suppressed bone resorption (TRAP, RANKL, and RANK). AMN is a promising therapeutic candidate for osteoporosis as it simultaneously promotes bone formation and inhibits bone loss, with strong potential for clinical applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009438Bone regenerationOsteoblast differentiationOsteoclast inhibitionOsteoporosis
spellingShingle Yu-Rim Lee
Seung Min Yu
Jeong-Woo Choi
Jeung Hee An
Dual-Action ascorbic acid–maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosis
Materials & Design
Bone regeneration
Osteoblast differentiation
Osteoclast inhibition
Osteoporosis
title Dual-Action ascorbic acid–maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosis
title_full Dual-Action ascorbic acid–maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosis
title_fullStr Dual-Action ascorbic acid–maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosis
title_full_unstemmed Dual-Action ascorbic acid–maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosis
title_short Dual-Action ascorbic acid–maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosis
title_sort dual action ascorbic acid maghemite hybrid nanoparticles enhance osteoblast activity and suppress osteoclast activity in osteoporosis
topic Bone regeneration
Osteoblast differentiation
Osteoclast inhibition
Osteoporosis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009438
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AT jeongwoochoi dualactionascorbicacidmaghemitehybridnanoparticlesenhanceosteoblastactivityandsuppressosteoclastactivityinosteoporosis
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