Genetic function algorithm (GFA) based QSAR, molecular design, and ADMET screening to assess the antimalarial potential of Amodiaquine derivatives

The ongoing fight against endemic diseases is complicated by the increasing resistance of malaria parasites to widely used drugs. As a result, the search for more effective antimalarial treatments continues. This research focuses on developing modified Amodiaquine analogues with enhanced efficacy. A...

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Main Authors: Zakari Ya’u Ibrahim, Usman Abdulfatai, Stephen Ejeh, Abduljelil Ajala, Samuel Ndaghiya Adawara, Olasupo Sabitu Babatunde
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:The Microbe
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001754
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author Zakari Ya’u Ibrahim
Usman Abdulfatai
Stephen Ejeh
Abduljelil Ajala
Samuel Ndaghiya Adawara
Olasupo Sabitu Babatunde
author_facet Zakari Ya’u Ibrahim
Usman Abdulfatai
Stephen Ejeh
Abduljelil Ajala
Samuel Ndaghiya Adawara
Olasupo Sabitu Babatunde
author_sort Zakari Ya’u Ibrahim
collection DOAJ
description The ongoing fight against endemic diseases is complicated by the increasing resistance of malaria parasites to widely used drugs. As a result, the search for more effective antimalarial treatments continues. This research focuses on developing modified Amodiaquine analogues with enhanced efficacy. Additionally, the designed derivatives will be evaluated for their drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. A predictive QSAR model was created using twenty-two Amodiaquine derivatives in the Material Studio to estimate the activity of newly designed derivatives. The most active derivative (used as a design template) was modified by applying descriptor implications at various positions, resulting in different derivatives. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of these derivatives were assessed using SwissADME software and the pkCSM web application. Compound A-01, with the highest activity (pIC50 = 9.491), was selected as the prototype for designing thirteen improved derivatives. These derivatives were systematically created by altering substituents and saturations at specific positions on the template. All designed derivatives demonstrated greater activity than the template, Amodiaquine (pIC50 = 8.668), and Chloroquine (pIC50 = 8.111). Among them, the derivative ac, 4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)-2-(cyclohexyl(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenol, proved to be the most potent. The designed derivatives functioned as substrates for P-glycoprotein, showed limited permeability across the blood-brain barrier, did not significantly penetrate the central nervous system, inhibited CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, and showed potential as renal OCT2 substrates. Thirteen Amodiaquine derivatives were developed with improved efficacy while adhering to Lipinski and Veber rules. These derivatives are largely non-toxic, skin-safe, and show promise for the development of effective antimalarial drugs.
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spelling doaj-art-81b076ecb6d34d8cb08f74256aaf23b52024-12-18T08:55:48ZengElsevierThe Microbe2950-19462024-12-015100208Genetic function algorithm (GFA) based QSAR, molecular design, and ADMET screening to assess the antimalarial potential of Amodiaquine derivativesZakari Ya’u Ibrahim0Usman Abdulfatai1Stephen Ejeh2Abduljelil Ajala3Samuel Ndaghiya Adawara4Olasupo Sabitu Babatunde5Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, Nigerian Army University, Biu, NigeriaDepartment of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaDepartment of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno state, NigeriaNational Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Lagos, NigeriaThe ongoing fight against endemic diseases is complicated by the increasing resistance of malaria parasites to widely used drugs. As a result, the search for more effective antimalarial treatments continues. This research focuses on developing modified Amodiaquine analogues with enhanced efficacy. Additionally, the designed derivatives will be evaluated for their drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. A predictive QSAR model was created using twenty-two Amodiaquine derivatives in the Material Studio to estimate the activity of newly designed derivatives. The most active derivative (used as a design template) was modified by applying descriptor implications at various positions, resulting in different derivatives. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of these derivatives were assessed using SwissADME software and the pkCSM web application. Compound A-01, with the highest activity (pIC50 = 9.491), was selected as the prototype for designing thirteen improved derivatives. These derivatives were systematically created by altering substituents and saturations at specific positions on the template. All designed derivatives demonstrated greater activity than the template, Amodiaquine (pIC50 = 8.668), and Chloroquine (pIC50 = 8.111). Among them, the derivative ac, 4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)-2-(cyclohexyl(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenol, proved to be the most potent. The designed derivatives functioned as substrates for P-glycoprotein, showed limited permeability across the blood-brain barrier, did not significantly penetrate the central nervous system, inhibited CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, and showed potential as renal OCT2 substrates. Thirteen Amodiaquine derivatives were developed with improved efficacy while adhering to Lipinski and Veber rules. These derivatives are largely non-toxic, skin-safe, and show promise for the development of effective antimalarial drugs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001754QSARMolecular designADMET screeningAmodiaquine
spellingShingle Zakari Ya’u Ibrahim
Usman Abdulfatai
Stephen Ejeh
Abduljelil Ajala
Samuel Ndaghiya Adawara
Olasupo Sabitu Babatunde
Genetic function algorithm (GFA) based QSAR, molecular design, and ADMET screening to assess the antimalarial potential of Amodiaquine derivatives
The Microbe
QSAR
Molecular design
ADMET screening
Amodiaquine
title Genetic function algorithm (GFA) based QSAR, molecular design, and ADMET screening to assess the antimalarial potential of Amodiaquine derivatives
title_full Genetic function algorithm (GFA) based QSAR, molecular design, and ADMET screening to assess the antimalarial potential of Amodiaquine derivatives
title_fullStr Genetic function algorithm (GFA) based QSAR, molecular design, and ADMET screening to assess the antimalarial potential of Amodiaquine derivatives
title_full_unstemmed Genetic function algorithm (GFA) based QSAR, molecular design, and ADMET screening to assess the antimalarial potential of Amodiaquine derivatives
title_short Genetic function algorithm (GFA) based QSAR, molecular design, and ADMET screening to assess the antimalarial potential of Amodiaquine derivatives
title_sort genetic function algorithm gfa based qsar molecular design and admet screening to assess the antimalarial potential of amodiaquine derivatives
topic QSAR
Molecular design
ADMET screening
Amodiaquine
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001754
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