Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Odor Impact in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are not only essential precursors for the formation of ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub>, but also hazardous to human health and responsible for unpleasant odors. The pharmaceutical industry has become an important industrial source of VOCs due to China’s large...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/11/1338 |
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| author | Hongchao Zhao Ying Cheng Yanling Liu Xiuyan Wang Yuyan Wang Shuai Wang Taosheng Jin |
| author_facet | Hongchao Zhao Ying Cheng Yanling Liu Xiuyan Wang Yuyan Wang Shuai Wang Taosheng Jin |
| author_sort | Hongchao Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are not only essential precursors for the formation of ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub>, but also hazardous to human health and responsible for unpleasant odors. The pharmaceutical industry has become an important industrial source of VOCs due to China’s large emissions and complex emission chains. In total, 245 VOCs samples were collected and analyzed from 11 typical pharmaceutical companies in Zibo City of the North China Plain, in order to investigate the VOCs emission characteristics and odor impacts. The emission factor for the pharmaceutical industry was 7.97 ± 8.21 g/kg pharmaceuticals, while the main emission links were chimney emissions, equipment sealing leakage, and so on. Finally, considering both purifying efficiency and economic benefits, the multistage absorption (AB) method is most effective for VOCs concentrations below 100 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, while UV photo-oxygenation combined with adsorption (UVA) is more suitable for concentrations below 300 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. The Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO), Catalytic Oxidizer (CO), and Condensation + Adsorption (CA) technologies demonstrated greater stability and efficiency, particularly in the treatment of complex organic pollutants, highlighting their advantages in both VOCs and odor removal at higher concentrations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-819986dec6564ba1aa962e5fbf8e8b3b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-819986dec6564ba1aa962e5fbf8e8b3b2024-11-26T17:50:26ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-11-011511133810.3390/atmos15111338Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Odor Impact in the Pharmaceutical IndustryHongchao Zhao0Ying Cheng1Yanling Liu2Xiuyan Wang3Yuyan Wang4Shuai Wang5Taosheng Jin6College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaDepartment of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are not only essential precursors for the formation of ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub>, but also hazardous to human health and responsible for unpleasant odors. The pharmaceutical industry has become an important industrial source of VOCs due to China’s large emissions and complex emission chains. In total, 245 VOCs samples were collected and analyzed from 11 typical pharmaceutical companies in Zibo City of the North China Plain, in order to investigate the VOCs emission characteristics and odor impacts. The emission factor for the pharmaceutical industry was 7.97 ± 8.21 g/kg pharmaceuticals, while the main emission links were chimney emissions, equipment sealing leakage, and so on. Finally, considering both purifying efficiency and economic benefits, the multistage absorption (AB) method is most effective for VOCs concentrations below 100 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, while UV photo-oxygenation combined with adsorption (UVA) is more suitable for concentrations below 300 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. The Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO), Catalytic Oxidizer (CO), and Condensation + Adsorption (CA) technologies demonstrated greater stability and efficiency, particularly in the treatment of complex organic pollutants, highlighting their advantages in both VOCs and odor removal at higher concentrations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/11/1338pharmaceutical industryVOCsodor pollutionemission inventorypurifying efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Hongchao Zhao Ying Cheng Yanling Liu Xiuyan Wang Yuyan Wang Shuai Wang Taosheng Jin Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Odor Impact in the Pharmaceutical Industry Atmosphere pharmaceutical industry VOCs odor pollution emission inventory purifying efficiency |
| title | Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Odor Impact in the Pharmaceutical Industry |
| title_full | Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Odor Impact in the Pharmaceutical Industry |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Odor Impact in the Pharmaceutical Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Odor Impact in the Pharmaceutical Industry |
| title_short | Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Odor Impact in the Pharmaceutical Industry |
| title_sort | characteristics of volatile organic compounds emissions and odor impact in the pharmaceutical industry |
| topic | pharmaceutical industry VOCs odor pollution emission inventory purifying efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/11/1338 |
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