Reporting Wandering Dogs to Protect Kiwi and Dogs: New Zealanders’ Involvement, Attitudes, and Beliefs

Wandering dogs are a threat to Aotearoa New Zealand’s endemic kiwi bird species because kiwi have not evolved defenses against mammalian predators. New Zealanders can protect kiwi by reporting wandering dogs, and this also protects the dogs themselves. This study explored New Zealanders’ reporting i...

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Main Authors: Anne C. Macaskill, Geoff Kaine, Joanne P. Aley
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Conservation
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7159/5/1/10
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author Anne C. Macaskill
Geoff Kaine
Joanne P. Aley
author_facet Anne C. Macaskill
Geoff Kaine
Joanne P. Aley
author_sort Anne C. Macaskill
collection DOAJ
description Wandering dogs are a threat to Aotearoa New Zealand’s endemic kiwi bird species because kiwi have not evolved defenses against mammalian predators. New Zealanders can protect kiwi by reporting wandering dogs, and this also protects the dogs themselves. This study explored New Zealanders’ reporting intentions and behavior, as well as attitudes and beliefs about wandering dogs, harm to kiwi, and dog welfare. Guided by the I<sub>3</sub> framework, we also assessed respondents’ involvement with the intervention of reporting, and involvement with both dog welfare and kiwi welfare. A sample of 250 New Zealanders completed the questionnaire online. Attitudes and behavior were consistent with involvement, and patterns for involvement with kiwi welfare and involvement with dog welfare were similar. The results indicated that almost all respondents fell into one of two quadrants based on involvement—both quadrants were highly involved with dog and kiwi welfare but varied on involvement with reporting. This pattern suggests that promotion campaigns are likely to be an effective intervention to increase the reporting of wandering dogs. Promotional campaigns might focus on dog welfare or kiwi welfare, and should highlight the link between reporting, dogs, and harm to kiwi.
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spelling doaj-art-8142b49a87bb4b9fa6e16e9008bf3adc2025-08-20T03:43:15ZengMDPI AGConservation2673-71592025-02-01511010.3390/conservation5010010Reporting Wandering Dogs to Protect Kiwi and Dogs: New Zealanders’ Involvement, Attitudes, and BeliefsAnne C. Macaskill0Geoff Kaine1Joanne P. Aley2School of Psychology, Te Herenga Waka, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New ZealandLandscape Policy and Governance, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Hamilton 3216, New ZealandSocial and Behavioural Science Team, Te Papa Atawhai Department of Conservation, Wellington 6011, New ZealandWandering dogs are a threat to Aotearoa New Zealand’s endemic kiwi bird species because kiwi have not evolved defenses against mammalian predators. New Zealanders can protect kiwi by reporting wandering dogs, and this also protects the dogs themselves. This study explored New Zealanders’ reporting intentions and behavior, as well as attitudes and beliefs about wandering dogs, harm to kiwi, and dog welfare. Guided by the I<sub>3</sub> framework, we also assessed respondents’ involvement with the intervention of reporting, and involvement with both dog welfare and kiwi welfare. A sample of 250 New Zealanders completed the questionnaire online. Attitudes and behavior were consistent with involvement, and patterns for involvement with kiwi welfare and involvement with dog welfare were similar. The results indicated that almost all respondents fell into one of two quadrants based on involvement—both quadrants were highly involved with dog and kiwi welfare but varied on involvement with reporting. This pattern suggests that promotion campaigns are likely to be an effective intervention to increase the reporting of wandering dogs. Promotional campaigns might focus on dog welfare or kiwi welfare, and should highlight the link between reporting, dogs, and harm to kiwi.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7159/5/1/10dogsinvolvementkiwiI<sub>3</sub> framework
spellingShingle Anne C. Macaskill
Geoff Kaine
Joanne P. Aley
Reporting Wandering Dogs to Protect Kiwi and Dogs: New Zealanders’ Involvement, Attitudes, and Beliefs
Conservation
dogs
involvement
kiwi
I<sub>3</sub> framework
title Reporting Wandering Dogs to Protect Kiwi and Dogs: New Zealanders’ Involvement, Attitudes, and Beliefs
title_full Reporting Wandering Dogs to Protect Kiwi and Dogs: New Zealanders’ Involvement, Attitudes, and Beliefs
title_fullStr Reporting Wandering Dogs to Protect Kiwi and Dogs: New Zealanders’ Involvement, Attitudes, and Beliefs
title_full_unstemmed Reporting Wandering Dogs to Protect Kiwi and Dogs: New Zealanders’ Involvement, Attitudes, and Beliefs
title_short Reporting Wandering Dogs to Protect Kiwi and Dogs: New Zealanders’ Involvement, Attitudes, and Beliefs
title_sort reporting wandering dogs to protect kiwi and dogs new zealanders involvement attitudes and beliefs
topic dogs
involvement
kiwi
I<sub>3</sub> framework
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7159/5/1/10
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AT geoffkaine reportingwanderingdogstoprotectkiwianddogsnewzealandersinvolvementattitudesandbeliefs
AT joannepaley reportingwanderingdogstoprotectkiwianddogsnewzealandersinvolvementattitudesandbeliefs