Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study

Abstract INTRODUCTION It is unclear how midlife depression and anxiety affect dementia risk. We examined this in a Norwegian cohort followed for 30 years. METHODS Dementia status at age 70+ in the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017–2019, N = 9745) was linked with anxiety and depr...

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Main Authors: Ragnhild Holmberg Aunsmo, Bjørn Heine Strand, Kaarin J. Anstey, Sverre Bergh, Mika Kivimäki, Sebastian Köhler, Steinar Krokstad, Gill Livingston, Fiona E. Matthews, Geir Selbæk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-10-01
Series:Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70036
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author Ragnhild Holmberg Aunsmo
Bjørn Heine Strand
Kaarin J. Anstey
Sverre Bergh
Mika Kivimäki
Sebastian Köhler
Steinar Krokstad
Gill Livingston
Fiona E. Matthews
Geir Selbæk
author_facet Ragnhild Holmberg Aunsmo
Bjørn Heine Strand
Kaarin J. Anstey
Sverre Bergh
Mika Kivimäki
Sebastian Köhler
Steinar Krokstad
Gill Livingston
Fiona E. Matthews
Geir Selbæk
author_sort Ragnhild Holmberg Aunsmo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract INTRODUCTION It is unclear how midlife depression and anxiety affect dementia risk. We examined this in a Norwegian cohort followed for 30 years. METHODS Dementia status at age 70+ in the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017–2019, N = 9745) was linked with anxiety and depression from HUNT1 (1984–1985), HUNT2 (1995–1997), HUNT3 (2006–2008), and HUNT4. Longitudinal anxiety and depression score, and prevalence trajectories during 1984–2019 by dementia status at HUNT4 were fitted using mixed effects regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and lifestyle and health factors. RESULTS Dementia at HUNT4 was associated with higher case prevalence at all waves, from 1.9 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 0.1–3.7) higher at HUNT1 to 7.6 pp (95% CI: 5.7–9.6) higher at HUNT4. DISCUSSION Our findings show that depression and anxiety was more common more than 30 years before dementia onset in those who later developed dementia. Highlights Older individuals with dementia had a higher prevalence of mixed anxiety‐ and depressive symptoms (A + D), both concurrently with and more than three decades prior to their dementia diagnosis. Older individuals with dementia had higher levels of anxiety, both concurrently and up to two decades prior to their dementia diagnosis. Depressive symptoms increased by time among those who developed dementia, but not among others. Results were similar for all cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and other types of dementia; however, for vascular dementia, the difference was not significant until dementia was present.
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series Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
spelling doaj-art-803f8e6a9787444585c4148f29fa0b6a2024-12-27T13:08:30ZengWileyAlzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring2352-87292024-10-01164n/an/a10.1002/dad2.70036Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT StudyRagnhild Holmberg Aunsmo0Bjørn Heine Strand1Kaarin J. Anstey2Sverre Bergh3Mika Kivimäki4Sebastian Köhler5Steinar Krokstad6Gill Livingston7Fiona E. Matthews8Geir Selbæk9Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo NorwayNorwegian Centre for Ageing and Health Vestfold Hospital Trust Tønsberg NorwayUNSW Ageing Futures Institute University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales AustraliaNorwegian Centre for Ageing and Health Vestfold Hospital Trust Tønsberg NorwayDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London London UKAlzheimer Center Limburg Dept Psychiatry & Neuropsychology Maastricht University Maastricht the NetherlandsHUNT Research Centre Department of Public Health and Nursing Norwegian University of Science and Technology Levanger NorwayDivision of Psychiatry University College London London UKInstitute for Clinical and Applied Health Research University of Hull Hull UKFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo NorwayAbstract INTRODUCTION It is unclear how midlife depression and anxiety affect dementia risk. We examined this in a Norwegian cohort followed for 30 years. METHODS Dementia status at age 70+ in the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017–2019, N = 9745) was linked with anxiety and depression from HUNT1 (1984–1985), HUNT2 (1995–1997), HUNT3 (2006–2008), and HUNT4. Longitudinal anxiety and depression score, and prevalence trajectories during 1984–2019 by dementia status at HUNT4 were fitted using mixed effects regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and lifestyle and health factors. RESULTS Dementia at HUNT4 was associated with higher case prevalence at all waves, from 1.9 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 0.1–3.7) higher at HUNT1 to 7.6 pp (95% CI: 5.7–9.6) higher at HUNT4. DISCUSSION Our findings show that depression and anxiety was more common more than 30 years before dementia onset in those who later developed dementia. Highlights Older individuals with dementia had a higher prevalence of mixed anxiety‐ and depressive symptoms (A + D), both concurrently with and more than three decades prior to their dementia diagnosis. Older individuals with dementia had higher levels of anxiety, both concurrently and up to two decades prior to their dementia diagnosis. Depressive symptoms increased by time among those who developed dementia, but not among others. Results were similar for all cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and other types of dementia; however, for vascular dementia, the difference was not significant until dementia was present.https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70036Alzheimer's diseaseanxietyassociation between anxiety and dementiaassociation between depression and dementiadementiadepression
spellingShingle Ragnhild Holmberg Aunsmo
Bjørn Heine Strand
Kaarin J. Anstey
Sverre Bergh
Mika Kivimäki
Sebastian Köhler
Steinar Krokstad
Gill Livingston
Fiona E. Matthews
Geir Selbæk
Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study
Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
Alzheimer's disease
anxiety
association between anxiety and dementia
association between depression and dementia
dementia
depression
title Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study
title_full Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study
title_fullStr Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study
title_full_unstemmed Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study
title_short Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study
title_sort associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later the hunt study
topic Alzheimer's disease
anxiety
association between anxiety and dementia
association between depression and dementia
dementia
depression
url https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70036
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