Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and disease

DNA methylation plays a crucial role in development, aging, degeneration of various tissues and dedifferentiated cells. This review explores the multifaceted impact of DNA methylation on the retina and brain during development and pathological processes. First, we investigate the role of DNA methyla...

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Main Authors: Chunxiu Xu, Xuefei Fu, Huan Qin, Kai Yao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1499719/full
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author Chunxiu Xu
Chunxiu Xu
Xuefei Fu
Xuefei Fu
Huan Qin
Huan Qin
Kai Yao
Kai Yao
author_facet Chunxiu Xu
Chunxiu Xu
Xuefei Fu
Xuefei Fu
Huan Qin
Huan Qin
Kai Yao
Kai Yao
author_sort Chunxiu Xu
collection DOAJ
description DNA methylation plays a crucial role in development, aging, degeneration of various tissues and dedifferentiated cells. This review explores the multifaceted impact of DNA methylation on the retina and brain during development and pathological processes. First, we investigate the role of DNA methylation in retinal development, and then focus on retinal diseases, detailing the changes in DNA methylation patterns in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Since the retina is considered an extension of the brain, its unique structure allows it to exhibit similar immune response mechanisms to the brain. We further extend our exploration from the retina to the brain, examining the role of DNA methylation in brain development and its associated diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD) to better understand the mechanistic links between retinal and brain diseases, and explore the possibility of communication between the visual system and the central nervous system (CNS) from an epigenetic perspective. Additionally, we discuss neurodevelopmental brain diseases, including schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID), focus on how DNA methylation affects neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
spelling doaj-art-80374ae64f6041c796a30f95c50549e72024-11-29T04:31:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022024-11-011810.3389/fncel.2024.14997191499719Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and diseaseChunxiu Xu0Chunxiu Xu1Xuefei Fu2Xuefei Fu3Huan Qin4Huan Qin5Kai Yao6Kai Yao7Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaInstitute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaInstitute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaInstitute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDNA methylation plays a crucial role in development, aging, degeneration of various tissues and dedifferentiated cells. This review explores the multifaceted impact of DNA methylation on the retina and brain during development and pathological processes. First, we investigate the role of DNA methylation in retinal development, and then focus on retinal diseases, detailing the changes in DNA methylation patterns in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Since the retina is considered an extension of the brain, its unique structure allows it to exhibit similar immune response mechanisms to the brain. We further extend our exploration from the retina to the brain, examining the role of DNA methylation in brain development and its associated diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD) to better understand the mechanistic links between retinal and brain diseases, and explore the possibility of communication between the visual system and the central nervous system (CNS) from an epigenetic perspective. Additionally, we discuss neurodevelopmental brain diseases, including schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID), focus on how DNA methylation affects neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1499719/fullDNA methylation and DNA demethylationdiabetic retinopathyage-related macular degenerationglaucomaschizophreniaautism spectrum disorder
spellingShingle Chunxiu Xu
Chunxiu Xu
Xuefei Fu
Xuefei Fu
Huan Qin
Huan Qin
Kai Yao
Kai Yao
Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and disease
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
DNA methylation and DNA demethylation
diabetic retinopathy
age-related macular degeneration
glaucoma
schizophrenia
autism spectrum disorder
title Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and disease
title_full Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and disease
title_fullStr Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and disease
title_full_unstemmed Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and disease
title_short Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and disease
title_sort traversing the epigenetic landscape dna methylation from retina to brain in development and disease
topic DNA methylation and DNA demethylation
diabetic retinopathy
age-related macular degeneration
glaucoma
schizophrenia
autism spectrum disorder
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1499719/full
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