Analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub-surface, defects of gradient construction materials
Abstract Traditional building materials have significant limitations in function and performance: insulation materials are easy to peel and age, waterproof materials have a short life, and fireproof materials have degraded flame retardancy. These shortcomings cannot meet the needs of modern building...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06196-2 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849238868288602112 |
|---|---|
| author | Xujiao Yang Jinlei Gai Xinliang Zheng Yi Xie Xiaomiao Yu Ruizhi Gong Zhongqing Meng Shuo Zhai Xunlong Zhao |
| author_facet | Xujiao Yang Jinlei Gai Xinliang Zheng Yi Xie Xiaomiao Yu Ruizhi Gong Zhongqing Meng Shuo Zhai Xunlong Zhao |
| author_sort | Xujiao Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Traditional building materials have significant limitations in function and performance: insulation materials are easy to peel and age, waterproof materials have a short life, and fireproof materials have degraded flame retardancy. These shortcomings cannot meet the needs of modern buildings for energy efficiency, safety and durability. Therefore, it is imperative to study gradient building materials that integrate function and structure. In this study, based on the non-Fourier heat conduction law, a heat wave propagation model is established to derive a complete analytical solution for the heat wave scattering field of a subsurface circular defect in an exponentially gradient material. The effects of thermal diffusion length (µ/a), wave number (ka), non-uniformity coefficient (σ₁a), and defect embedding ratio (b/a) on the surface temperature distribution are systematically analysed by the wavefunction expansion method and the virtual mirror technique combined with the independently developed numerical procedure. The results show that: the peak temperature amplitude occurs in the region directly in front of the scatterer; the thermal fluctuation effect is significantly enhanced with the increase of the thermal diffusion length or the decrease of the defect size; the temperature fluctuation response is strengthened by the high modulation frequency (large ka) and the shallow burial depth of the defects; and the increase of the non-uniformity parameter of the material σ₁a results in the increase of the surface temperature. The study confirms the limitations of traditional Fourier’s law in short-pulse heat conduction scenarios, and the results provide theoretical basis and data support for the design of functional gradient materials and nondestructive inspection by infrared thermography. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8010d9e3b3984d50ba621c39c78e0f91 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-8010d9e3b3984d50ba621c39c78e0f912025-08-20T04:01:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-06196-2Analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub-surface, defects of gradient construction materialsXujiao Yang0Jinlei Gai1Xinliang Zheng2Yi Xie3Xiaomiao Yu4Ruizhi Gong5Zhongqing Meng6Shuo Zhai7Xunlong Zhao8School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Beihua UniversityForestry College, Beihua UniversitySchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Beihua UniversitySchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Beihua UniversityForestry College, Beihua UniversitySchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Beihua UniversitySchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Beihua UniversitySchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Beihua UniversitySchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Beihua UniversityAbstract Traditional building materials have significant limitations in function and performance: insulation materials are easy to peel and age, waterproof materials have a short life, and fireproof materials have degraded flame retardancy. These shortcomings cannot meet the needs of modern buildings for energy efficiency, safety and durability. Therefore, it is imperative to study gradient building materials that integrate function and structure. In this study, based on the non-Fourier heat conduction law, a heat wave propagation model is established to derive a complete analytical solution for the heat wave scattering field of a subsurface circular defect in an exponentially gradient material. The effects of thermal diffusion length (µ/a), wave number (ka), non-uniformity coefficient (σ₁a), and defect embedding ratio (b/a) on the surface temperature distribution are systematically analysed by the wavefunction expansion method and the virtual mirror technique combined with the independently developed numerical procedure. The results show that: the peak temperature amplitude occurs in the region directly in front of the scatterer; the thermal fluctuation effect is significantly enhanced with the increase of the thermal diffusion length or the decrease of the defect size; the temperature fluctuation response is strengthened by the high modulation frequency (large ka) and the shallow burial depth of the defects; and the increase of the non-uniformity parameter of the material σ₁a results in the increase of the surface temperature. The study confirms the limitations of traditional Fourier’s law in short-pulse heat conduction scenarios, and the results provide theoretical basis and data support for the design of functional gradient materials and nondestructive inspection by infrared thermography.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06196-2Gradient Building materialsNon-Fourier lawThermal wave scatteringTemperature distributionSubsurface defects |
| spellingShingle | Xujiao Yang Jinlei Gai Xinliang Zheng Yi Xie Xiaomiao Yu Ruizhi Gong Zhongqing Meng Shuo Zhai Xunlong Zhao Analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub-surface, defects of gradient construction materials Scientific Reports Gradient Building materials Non-Fourier law Thermal wave scattering Temperature distribution Subsurface defects |
| title | Analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub-surface, defects of gradient construction materials |
| title_full | Analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub-surface, defects of gradient construction materials |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub-surface, defects of gradient construction materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub-surface, defects of gradient construction materials |
| title_short | Analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub-surface, defects of gradient construction materials |
| title_sort | analysis of thermal wave scattering and temperature distribution in sub surface defects of gradient construction materials |
| topic | Gradient Building materials Non-Fourier law Thermal wave scattering Temperature distribution Subsurface defects |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06196-2 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xujiaoyang analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials AT jinleigai analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials AT xinliangzheng analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials AT yixie analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials AT xiaomiaoyu analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials AT ruizhigong analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials AT zhongqingmeng analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials AT shuozhai analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials AT xunlongzhao analysisofthermalwavescatteringandtemperaturedistributioninsubsurfacedefectsofgradientconstructionmaterials |