An Alarming Eastward Front of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Development in West Africa
Begomoviruses are a major threat to cassava production in Africa. Indeed, during the 1990s, the emergence of a recombinant begomovirus (East African cassava mosaic virus-Uganda, EACMV-Ug) resulted in crop devastation and severe famine in Uganda. In 2023, during a pre-survey of cassava farms at Foréc...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Mariam Combala Justin S. Pita Michel Gbonamou Alusaine Edward Samura William J.-L. Amoakon Bekanvié S. M. Kouakou Olabode Onile-ere Seydou Sawadogo Guy R. Eboulem Daniel H. Otron John Steven S. Seka Angela Eni Cyrielle Ndougonna Fidèle Tiendrébéogo |
| author_facet | Mariam Combala Justin S. Pita Michel Gbonamou Alusaine Edward Samura William J.-L. Amoakon Bekanvié S. M. Kouakou Olabode Onile-ere Seydou Sawadogo Guy R. Eboulem Daniel H. Otron John Steven S. Seka Angela Eni Cyrielle Ndougonna Fidèle Tiendrébéogo |
| author_sort | Mariam Combala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Begomoviruses are a major threat to cassava production in Africa. Indeed, during the 1990s, the emergence of a recombinant begomovirus (East African cassava mosaic virus-Uganda, EACMV-Ug) resulted in crop devastation and severe famine in Uganda. In 2023, during a pre-survey of cassava farms at Forécariah, South-West Guinea, 22 samples showing peculiar cassava mosaic disease (CMD) symptoms were collected, and subsequent laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of EACMV-Ug in the samples. Deep analysis of DNA-A and DNA-B of the EACMV-Ug isolates from Guinea indicated that they are similar to those associated with the severe CMD epidemic in Uganda in the 1990s. Therefore, a country-wide survey was conducted throughout Guinea in April 2024 to evaluate the extent of the spread of EACMV-Ug in the country and to collect critical CMD epidemiological data. Findings showed a high whitefly population in Lower Guinea averaging 17 per plant; however, the data suggest a spread of EACMV-Ug via infected cuttings. High CMD incidence was found in Lower Guinea and Forest Guinea, whereas the highest CMD severity was observed in Forest Guinea (2.70 ± 0.06) and the lowest CMD severity was found in Middle Guinea (2.20 ± 0.05). Several cases of double and triple infections involving African cassava mosaic virus, East African cassava mosaic virus, East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus, and EACMV-Ug were observed. EACMV-Ug was detected throughout Guinea, as well as from samples collected in 2022 in Kambia (Sierra Leone). The 63 accessions cultivated in Guinea that were assessed in this study were found susceptible to at least one of the viruses cited above. This study alerts us to an alarming situation in development in West Africa and provides scientific evidence to guide the rapid response needed to contain and stop the progression of EACMV-Ug in West Africa. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7fa1e3bf9e784ac4a8c6ea4f7d3f22da |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7fa1e3bf9e784ac4a8c6ea4f7d3f22da2024-11-26T18:25:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-10-011611169110.3390/v16111691An Alarming Eastward Front of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Development in West AfricaMariam Combala0Justin S. Pita1Michel Gbonamou2Alusaine Edward Samura3William J.-L. Amoakon4Bekanvié S. M. Kouakou5Olabode Onile-ere6Seydou Sawadogo7Guy R. Eboulem8Daniel H. Otron9John Steven S. Seka10Angela Eni11Cyrielle Ndougonna12Fidèle Tiendrébéogo13UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireUFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireInstitut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée, Conakry BP 1523, GuineaDepartment of Crop Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Njala Campus, Njala 1313, Sierra LeoneThe Central and West African Epidemiology (WAVE) for Food Security Program, Pôle Scientifique et D’innovation, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Bingerville 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireUFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireThe Central and West African Epidemiology (WAVE) for Food Security Program, Pôle Scientifique et D’innovation, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Bingerville 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireThe Central and West African Epidemiology (WAVE) for Food Security Program, Pôle Scientifique et D’innovation, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Bingerville 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireThe Central and West African Epidemiology (WAVE) for Food Security Program, Pôle Scientifique et D’innovation, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Bingerville 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireUFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireUFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireThe Central and West African Epidemiology (WAVE) for Food Security Program, Pôle Scientifique et D’innovation, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Bingerville 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireThe Central and West African Epidemiology (WAVE) for Food Security Program, Pôle Scientifique et D’innovation, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Bingerville 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireThe Central and West African Epidemiology (WAVE) for Food Security Program, Pôle Scientifique et D’innovation, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Bingerville 22 BP 582, Côte d’IvoireBegomoviruses are a major threat to cassava production in Africa. Indeed, during the 1990s, the emergence of a recombinant begomovirus (East African cassava mosaic virus-Uganda, EACMV-Ug) resulted in crop devastation and severe famine in Uganda. In 2023, during a pre-survey of cassava farms at Forécariah, South-West Guinea, 22 samples showing peculiar cassava mosaic disease (CMD) symptoms were collected, and subsequent laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of EACMV-Ug in the samples. Deep analysis of DNA-A and DNA-B of the EACMV-Ug isolates from Guinea indicated that they are similar to those associated with the severe CMD epidemic in Uganda in the 1990s. Therefore, a country-wide survey was conducted throughout Guinea in April 2024 to evaluate the extent of the spread of EACMV-Ug in the country and to collect critical CMD epidemiological data. Findings showed a high whitefly population in Lower Guinea averaging 17 per plant; however, the data suggest a spread of EACMV-Ug via infected cuttings. High CMD incidence was found in Lower Guinea and Forest Guinea, whereas the highest CMD severity was observed in Forest Guinea (2.70 ± 0.06) and the lowest CMD severity was found in Middle Guinea (2.20 ± 0.05). Several cases of double and triple infections involving African cassava mosaic virus, East African cassava mosaic virus, East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus, and EACMV-Ug were observed. EACMV-Ug was detected throughout Guinea, as well as from samples collected in 2022 in Kambia (Sierra Leone). The 63 accessions cultivated in Guinea that were assessed in this study were found susceptible to at least one of the viruses cited above. This study alerts us to an alarming situation in development in West Africa and provides scientific evidence to guide the rapid response needed to contain and stop the progression of EACMV-Ug in West Africa.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1691cassavabegomovirusEACMVEACMV-UgGuineaSierra Leone |
| spellingShingle | Mariam Combala Justin S. Pita Michel Gbonamou Alusaine Edward Samura William J.-L. Amoakon Bekanvié S. M. Kouakou Olabode Onile-ere Seydou Sawadogo Guy R. Eboulem Daniel H. Otron John Steven S. Seka Angela Eni Cyrielle Ndougonna Fidèle Tiendrébéogo An Alarming Eastward Front of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Development in West Africa Viruses cassava begomovirus EACMV EACMV-Ug Guinea Sierra Leone |
| title | An Alarming Eastward Front of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Development in West Africa |
| title_full | An Alarming Eastward Front of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Development in West Africa |
| title_fullStr | An Alarming Eastward Front of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Development in West Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Alarming Eastward Front of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Development in West Africa |
| title_short | An Alarming Eastward Front of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Development in West Africa |
| title_sort | alarming eastward front of cassava mosaic disease in development in west africa |
| topic | cassava begomovirus EACMV EACMV-Ug Guinea Sierra Leone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1691 |
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