Green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea husk
Abstract The optimization of phenolic compound extraction from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) husk was explored by manipulating three key process variables: aqueous ethanol concentration (20–60% v/v), extraction temperature (30–60 °C), and extraction time (2–6 h). Utilizing a Box-Behnken design under...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14197-4 |
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| author | Deepika Goswami Manju Bala D. Mridula Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma P. N. Guru |
| author_facet | Deepika Goswami Manju Bala D. Mridula Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma P. N. Guru |
| author_sort | Deepika Goswami |
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| description | Abstract The optimization of phenolic compound extraction from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) husk was explored by manipulating three key process variables: aqueous ethanol concentration (20–60% v/v), extraction temperature (30–60 °C), and extraction time (2–6 h). Utilizing a Box-Behnken design under Response Surface Methodology (RSM), we meticulously optimized these variables to maximize extract yield, total phenolic content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ideal extraction conditions determined via desirability function analysis were found to be 41.83% (v/v) ethanol concentration, 59.36 °C extraction temperature, and 6 h extraction time. These parameters yielded an impressive 9.67 ± 0.02% extract yield, 47.99 ± 0.60 mg GAE/g total phenolic content, and 51.24 ± 0.43% DPPH radical scavenging activity, closely aligning with predicted values. LC-MS (ESI-Q-TOF) metabolite profiling of the optimized extract revealed a rich presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, lignans, phenols, xanthones, and glycosides. This study underscores the valorisation potential of pigeon pea husk—a typically discarded by-product—for sustainable extraction of valuable phenolic compounds under optimal conditions. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7f6a97c44d9c4ee8b6825d7d5282a9052025-08-20T04:03:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-14197-4Green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea huskDeepika Goswami0Manju Bala1D. Mridula2Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma3P. N. Guru4Food Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and TechnologyFood Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and TechnologyFood Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and TechnologyFood Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and TechnologyFood Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and TechnologyAbstract The optimization of phenolic compound extraction from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) husk was explored by manipulating three key process variables: aqueous ethanol concentration (20–60% v/v), extraction temperature (30–60 °C), and extraction time (2–6 h). Utilizing a Box-Behnken design under Response Surface Methodology (RSM), we meticulously optimized these variables to maximize extract yield, total phenolic content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ideal extraction conditions determined via desirability function analysis were found to be 41.83% (v/v) ethanol concentration, 59.36 °C extraction temperature, and 6 h extraction time. These parameters yielded an impressive 9.67 ± 0.02% extract yield, 47.99 ± 0.60 mg GAE/g total phenolic content, and 51.24 ± 0.43% DPPH radical scavenging activity, closely aligning with predicted values. LC-MS (ESI-Q-TOF) metabolite profiling of the optimized extract revealed a rich presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, lignans, phenols, xanthones, and glycosides. This study underscores the valorisation potential of pigeon pea husk—a typically discarded by-product—for sustainable extraction of valuable phenolic compounds under optimal conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14197-4Pigeon peaCajanus CajanHuskBy-productPhenolic compoundsRSM |
| spellingShingle | Deepika Goswami Manju Bala D. Mridula Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma P. N. Guru Green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea husk Scientific Reports Pigeon pea Cajanus Cajan Husk By-product Phenolic compounds RSM |
| title | Green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea husk |
| title_full | Green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea husk |
| title_fullStr | Green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea husk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea husk |
| title_short | Green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea husk |
| title_sort | green solvent extraction of health boosting phenolics from pigeon pea husk |
| topic | Pigeon pea Cajanus Cajan Husk By-product Phenolic compounds RSM |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14197-4 |
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