rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)

Abstract Background Zaire Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreaks can be controlled using rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination and other public health measures. People in high-risk areas may have pre-existing antibodies from asymptomatic Ebolavirus exposure that might affect response to rVSV-ZEBOV. Therefore, we asses...

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Main Authors: Conall H. Watson, Pierre-Stéphane Gsell, Yper Hall, Anton Camacho, Ximena Riveros, Godwin Enwere, Andrea Vicari, Séverine Danmadji Nadlaou, Alhassane Toure, Ismaila M. Sani, Abdourahamane Diallo, Cece Kolie, Sophie Duraffour, Kékoura Ifono, Andre Maomou, Kassie Dore, Honora A. Djidonou, Aminata Bagayoko, Philos P. Damey, Mabetty Nancy Camara, Fatoumata Battouly Diallo, Fofana Thierno Oumar, Kalidou Toure, Mohamed Lamine Diaby, Lansana Sylla, Doussou Conde, Ibrahima Lansana Kaba, Tom Tipton, Rosalind M. Eggo, Michael Marks, Chrissy H. Roberts, Thomas Strecker, Stephan Günther, Sakoba Keita, W. John Edmunds, Miles W. Carroll, Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03726-z
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author Conall H. Watson
Pierre-Stéphane Gsell
Yper Hall
Anton Camacho
Ximena Riveros
Godwin Enwere
Andrea Vicari
Séverine Danmadji Nadlaou
Alhassane Toure
Ismaila M. Sani
Abdourahamane Diallo
Cece Kolie
Sophie Duraffour
Kékoura Ifono
Andre Maomou
Kassie Dore
Honora A. Djidonou
Aminata Bagayoko
Philos P. Damey
Mabetty Nancy Camara
Fatoumata Battouly Diallo
Fofana Thierno Oumar
Kalidou Toure
Mohamed Lamine Diaby
Lansana Sylla
Doussou Conde
Ibrahima Lansana Kaba
Tom Tipton
Rosalind M. Eggo
Michael Marks
Chrissy H. Roberts
Thomas Strecker
Stephan Günther
Sakoba Keita
W. John Edmunds
Miles W. Carroll
Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo
author_facet Conall H. Watson
Pierre-Stéphane Gsell
Yper Hall
Anton Camacho
Ximena Riveros
Godwin Enwere
Andrea Vicari
Séverine Danmadji Nadlaou
Alhassane Toure
Ismaila M. Sani
Abdourahamane Diallo
Cece Kolie
Sophie Duraffour
Kékoura Ifono
Andre Maomou
Kassie Dore
Honora A. Djidonou
Aminata Bagayoko
Philos P. Damey
Mabetty Nancy Camara
Fatoumata Battouly Diallo
Fofana Thierno Oumar
Kalidou Toure
Mohamed Lamine Diaby
Lansana Sylla
Doussou Conde
Ibrahima Lansana Kaba
Tom Tipton
Rosalind M. Eggo
Michael Marks
Chrissy H. Roberts
Thomas Strecker
Stephan Günther
Sakoba Keita
W. John Edmunds
Miles W. Carroll
Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo
author_sort Conall H. Watson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Zaire Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreaks can be controlled using rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination and other public health measures. People in high-risk areas may have pre-existing antibodies from asymptomatic Ebolavirus exposure that might affect response to rVSV-ZEBOV. Therefore, we assessed the impact pre-existing immunity had on post-vaccination IgG titre, virus neutralisation, and reactogenicity following vaccination. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 2115 consenting close contacts (“proches”) of EVD survivors were recruited. Proches were vaccinated with rVSV-ZEBOV and followed up for 28 days for safety and immunogenicity. Anti-GP IgG titre at baseline and day 28 was assessed by ELISA. Samples from a representative subset were evaluated using live virus neutralisation. Results Ten percent were seropositive at baseline. At day 28, IgG in baseline seronegative (GMT 0.106 IU/ml, 95% CI: 0.100 to 0.113) and seropositive (GMT 0.237 IU/ml, 0.210 to 0.267) participants significantly increased from baseline (both p < 0.0001). There was strong correlation between antibody titres and virus neutralisation in day 28 samples (Spearman’s rho 0.75). Vaccinees with baseline IgG antibodies against Zaire Ebolavirus had similar safety profiles to those without detectable antibodies (63.6% vs 66.1% adults experienced any adverse event; 49.1% vs 60.9% in children), with almost all adverse events graded as mild. No serious adverse events were attributed to vaccination. No EVD survivors tested positive for Ebolavirus by RT-PCR. Conclusions These data add further evidence of rVSV-ZEBOV safety and immunogenicity, including in people with pre-existing antibodies from suspected natural ZEBOV infection whose state does not blunt rVSV-ZEBOV immune response. Pre-vaccination serological screening is not required.
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spelling doaj-art-7edf75c9d0dc40bdb3b727714c327ce32024-11-10T12:29:09ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152024-11-0122111010.1186/s12916-024-03726-zrVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)Conall H. Watson0Pierre-Stéphane Gsell1Yper Hall2Anton CamachoXimena Riveros3Godwin Enwere4Andrea Vicari5Séverine Danmadji Nadlaou6Alhassane Toure7Ismaila M. Sani8Abdourahamane Diallo9Cece Kolie10Sophie Duraffour11Kékoura Ifono12Andre Maomou13Kassie Dore14Honora A. Djidonou15Aminata Bagayoko16Philos P. Damey17Mabetty Nancy Camara18Fatoumata Battouly Diallo19Fofana Thierno Oumar20Kalidou Toure21Mohamed Lamine Diaby22Lansana Sylla23Doussou Conde24Ibrahima Lansana Kaba25Tom Tipton26Rosalind M. Eggo27Michael Marks28Chrissy H. Roberts29Thomas Strecker30Stephan Günther31Sakoba Keita32W. John Edmunds33Miles W. Carroll34Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo35UK Health Security AgencyWorld Health OrganizationUK Health Security AgencyWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationBernhard-Nocht-Institut Für TropenmedizinBernhard-Nocht-Institut Für TropenmedizinWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationUniversity of OxfordLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicinePhilips UniversityBernhard-Nocht-Institut Für TropenmedizinMinistry of HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineUniversity of OxfordWorld Health OrganizationAbstract Background Zaire Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreaks can be controlled using rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination and other public health measures. People in high-risk areas may have pre-existing antibodies from asymptomatic Ebolavirus exposure that might affect response to rVSV-ZEBOV. Therefore, we assessed the impact pre-existing immunity had on post-vaccination IgG titre, virus neutralisation, and reactogenicity following vaccination. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 2115 consenting close contacts (“proches”) of EVD survivors were recruited. Proches were vaccinated with rVSV-ZEBOV and followed up for 28 days for safety and immunogenicity. Anti-GP IgG titre at baseline and day 28 was assessed by ELISA. Samples from a representative subset were evaluated using live virus neutralisation. Results Ten percent were seropositive at baseline. At day 28, IgG in baseline seronegative (GMT 0.106 IU/ml, 95% CI: 0.100 to 0.113) and seropositive (GMT 0.237 IU/ml, 0.210 to 0.267) participants significantly increased from baseline (both p < 0.0001). There was strong correlation between antibody titres and virus neutralisation in day 28 samples (Spearman’s rho 0.75). Vaccinees with baseline IgG antibodies against Zaire Ebolavirus had similar safety profiles to those without detectable antibodies (63.6% vs 66.1% adults experienced any adverse event; 49.1% vs 60.9% in children), with almost all adverse events graded as mild. No serious adverse events were attributed to vaccination. No EVD survivors tested positive for Ebolavirus by RT-PCR. Conclusions These data add further evidence of rVSV-ZEBOV safety and immunogenicity, including in people with pre-existing antibodies from suspected natural ZEBOV infection whose state does not blunt rVSV-ZEBOV immune response. Pre-vaccination serological screening is not required.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03726-zEbola virus diseaseEbolaVaccineRVSV-ZEBOVSafetyImmunogenicity
spellingShingle Conall H. Watson
Pierre-Stéphane Gsell
Yper Hall
Anton Camacho
Ximena Riveros
Godwin Enwere
Andrea Vicari
Séverine Danmadji Nadlaou
Alhassane Toure
Ismaila M. Sani
Abdourahamane Diallo
Cece Kolie
Sophie Duraffour
Kékoura Ifono
Andre Maomou
Kassie Dore
Honora A. Djidonou
Aminata Bagayoko
Philos P. Damey
Mabetty Nancy Camara
Fatoumata Battouly Diallo
Fofana Thierno Oumar
Kalidou Toure
Mohamed Lamine Diaby
Lansana Sylla
Doussou Conde
Ibrahima Lansana Kaba
Tom Tipton
Rosalind M. Eggo
Michael Marks
Chrissy H. Roberts
Thomas Strecker
Stephan Günther
Sakoba Keita
W. John Edmunds
Miles W. Carroll
Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo
rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)
BMC Medicine
Ebola virus disease
Ebola
Vaccine
RVSV-ZEBOV
Safety
Immunogenicity
title rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)
title_full rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)
title_fullStr rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)
title_full_unstemmed rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)
title_short rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)
title_sort rvsv zebov vaccination in people with pre existing immunity to ebolavirus an open label safety and immunogenicity study in guinean communities affected by ebola virus disease l essai proches
topic Ebola virus disease
Ebola
Vaccine
RVSV-ZEBOV
Safety
Immunogenicity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03726-z
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