Visualizations of Mountain–Body Fusions in Medieval Chinese Philosophy, Art, and Religion

This paper examines how Chinese people affiliated with different religions and ideologies of the Song period (960–1279 CE) used artistic, literary and visual representations to merge mountains and the natural world with the human body. This fusion of natural and human worlds in representation appear...

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Main Author: Anna M. Hennessey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Religions
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/12/1549
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author Anna M. Hennessey
author_facet Anna M. Hennessey
author_sort Anna M. Hennessey
collection DOAJ
description This paper examines how Chinese people affiliated with different religions and ideologies of the Song period (960–1279 CE) used artistic, literary and visual representations to merge mountains and the natural world with the human body. This fusion of natural and human worlds in representation appears in a variety of contexts, including paintings of famous Song landscape artists, writings of literati thinkers, architectural developments of Neo-Confucian scholars, body charts recorded in the Daoist Canon, and artwork connected to Chinese Buddhism. The paper asserts that Song Chinese people used art and other material objects not only for the purpose of representing the world in which they lived but also as a means of expressing, developing and empowering their religions and ideologies. So powerful were these material representations, in fact, that in certain cases, they may have acted as a primary conduit through which the religion or ideology was experienced. As the paper shows, the interaction between the non-material activity of <i>visualization</i> (how people create images in their minds) and <i>representation</i> (how people create material objects to reify the images in their minds) is often pivotal, as opposed to accessory, to some of the later ideological developments of the Chinese people.
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spelling doaj-art-7ec59d1590e34eb6afab7ecc473db27d2024-12-27T14:50:37ZengMDPI AGReligions2077-14442024-12-011512154910.3390/rel15121549Visualizations of Mountain–Body Fusions in Medieval Chinese Philosophy, Art, and ReligionAnna M. Hennessey0Center for the Arts & Religion, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, CA 94709, USAThis paper examines how Chinese people affiliated with different religions and ideologies of the Song period (960–1279 CE) used artistic, literary and visual representations to merge mountains and the natural world with the human body. This fusion of natural and human worlds in representation appears in a variety of contexts, including paintings of famous Song landscape artists, writings of literati thinkers, architectural developments of Neo-Confucian scholars, body charts recorded in the Daoist Canon, and artwork connected to Chinese Buddhism. The paper asserts that Song Chinese people used art and other material objects not only for the purpose of representing the world in which they lived but also as a means of expressing, developing and empowering their religions and ideologies. So powerful were these material representations, in fact, that in certain cases, they may have acted as a primary conduit through which the religion or ideology was experienced. As the paper shows, the interaction between the non-material activity of <i>visualization</i> (how people create images in their minds) and <i>representation</i> (how people create material objects to reify the images in their minds) is often pivotal, as opposed to accessory, to some of the later ideological developments of the Chinese people.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/12/1549visualizationChinese Literatiinternal alchemyNeo-ConfucianismChinese BuddhismDaoism
spellingShingle Anna M. Hennessey
Visualizations of Mountain–Body Fusions in Medieval Chinese Philosophy, Art, and Religion
Religions
visualization
Chinese Literati
internal alchemy
Neo-Confucianism
Chinese Buddhism
Daoism
title Visualizations of Mountain–Body Fusions in Medieval Chinese Philosophy, Art, and Religion
title_full Visualizations of Mountain–Body Fusions in Medieval Chinese Philosophy, Art, and Religion
title_fullStr Visualizations of Mountain–Body Fusions in Medieval Chinese Philosophy, Art, and Religion
title_full_unstemmed Visualizations of Mountain–Body Fusions in Medieval Chinese Philosophy, Art, and Religion
title_short Visualizations of Mountain–Body Fusions in Medieval Chinese Philosophy, Art, and Religion
title_sort visualizations of mountain body fusions in medieval chinese philosophy art and religion
topic visualization
Chinese Literati
internal alchemy
Neo-Confucianism
Chinese Buddhism
Daoism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/12/1549
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