Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building

In Saudi Arabia, where the majority of regions receive a minimum incident shortwave solar energy exceeding 4 kWh/(m2. year), there is a high potential for electricity generation and simultaneously, a challenge in building cooling. In this study, by adding photovoltaic (PV) on the roof and wall, as w...

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Main Authors: Naeim Farouk, SamahG.Babiker, Umar F. Alqsair
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014758
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author Naeim Farouk
SamahG.Babiker
Umar F. Alqsair
author_facet Naeim Farouk
SamahG.Babiker
Umar F. Alqsair
author_sort Naeim Farouk
collection DOAJ
description In Saudi Arabia, where the majority of regions receive a minimum incident shortwave solar energy exceeding 4 kWh/(m2. year), there is a high potential for electricity generation and simultaneously, a challenge in building cooling. In this study, by adding photovoltaic (PV) on the roof and wall, as well as using phase change material (PCM) inside the walls, electricity production and energy consumption of Saudi residential buildings were investigated. Taking into account the effects of radiation on vertical and horizontal envelopes as well as phase change in PCM, the energy equation was solved using DesignBuilder to specify hourly energy consumption and electricity generation. When installing PV cells at the optimal tilt, incoming radiation to the cells increases. However, creating shadows on subsequent rows of cells diminishes the effective PV surface area. Surprisingly, calculations revealed that if PV cells are installed at zero angle, owing to installing more PV cells, up to 31 % extra electricity is produced than when installed at the optimal tilt. As a side effect, the cooling load decreases by 5.1 % due to reduced radiation intensity on the roof. The orientation of the walls significantly impacts both phase change material (PCM) and PV-associated electricity generation. Placing PCM on the east wall optimizes its performance, while walls containing PV panels perform best when facing south. To further enhance cooling and reduce electricity demand, phase change material was incorporated into both the roof and wall, resulting in a 2 % reduction in overall electricity demand. Notably, in eight major populated areas across Saudi Arabia, under the constraint of the constant PV cell area, installing PV cells on the roof proves three times more advantageous than placing them on the walls.
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spelling doaj-art-7e688da9d94a49b88e66694f55d1cb2a2024-12-07T08:26:35ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2024-12-0164105444Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable buildingNaeim Farouk0 SamahG.Babiker1Umar F. Alqsair2Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Alkharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Department of Electronic Physics, Faculty of Applied Science in Port Sudan, Red Sea University, Port Sudan, 33311, SudanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Alkharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi ArabiaIn Saudi Arabia, where the majority of regions receive a minimum incident shortwave solar energy exceeding 4 kWh/(m2. year), there is a high potential for electricity generation and simultaneously, a challenge in building cooling. In this study, by adding photovoltaic (PV) on the roof and wall, as well as using phase change material (PCM) inside the walls, electricity production and energy consumption of Saudi residential buildings were investigated. Taking into account the effects of radiation on vertical and horizontal envelopes as well as phase change in PCM, the energy equation was solved using DesignBuilder to specify hourly energy consumption and electricity generation. When installing PV cells at the optimal tilt, incoming radiation to the cells increases. However, creating shadows on subsequent rows of cells diminishes the effective PV surface area. Surprisingly, calculations revealed that if PV cells are installed at zero angle, owing to installing more PV cells, up to 31 % extra electricity is produced than when installed at the optimal tilt. As a side effect, the cooling load decreases by 5.1 % due to reduced radiation intensity on the roof. The orientation of the walls significantly impacts both phase change material (PCM) and PV-associated electricity generation. Placing PCM on the east wall optimizes its performance, while walls containing PV panels perform best when facing south. To further enhance cooling and reduce electricity demand, phase change material was incorporated into both the roof and wall, resulting in a 2 % reduction in overall electricity demand. Notably, in eight major populated areas across Saudi Arabia, under the constraint of the constant PV cell area, installing PV cells on the roof proves three times more advantageous than placing them on the walls.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014758Phase change materialSaudi ArabiaSustainable buildingCoolingHVAC
spellingShingle Naeim Farouk
SamahG.Babiker
Umar F. Alqsair
Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Phase change material
Saudi Arabia
Sustainable building
Cooling
HVAC
title Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building
title_full Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building
title_fullStr Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building
title_full_unstemmed Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building
title_short Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building
title_sort boosting electricity generation associated with saudi arabi buildings using pcm and pv cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building
topic Phase change material
Saudi Arabia
Sustainable building
Cooling
HVAC
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014758
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