Ephaptic conduction in tonic–clonic seizures
ObjectivesElectroencephalograms (EEGs) or multi-unit activities (MUAs) of tonic–clonic seizures typically exhibit a distinct structure. After a preliminary phase (DC shift, spikes), the tonic phase is characterized by synchronized activity of numerous neurons, followed by the clonic phase, marked by...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2024.1477174/full |
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| author | Avinoam Rabinovitch Revital Rabinovitch Ella Smolik Yaacov Biton Doron Braunstein |
| author_facet | Avinoam Rabinovitch Revital Rabinovitch Ella Smolik Yaacov Biton Doron Braunstein |
| author_sort | Avinoam Rabinovitch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectivesElectroencephalograms (EEGs) or multi-unit activities (MUAs) of tonic–clonic seizures typically exhibit a distinct structure. After a preliminary phase (DC shift, spikes), the tonic phase is characterized by synchronized activity of numerous neurons, followed by the clonic phase, marked by a periodic sequence of spikes. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition from tonic to clonic phases remain poorly understood.MethodsWe employ a simple two-dimensional cellular automaton model to simulate seizure activity, specifically focusing on replicating the tonic–clonic transition. This model effectively illustrates the physical processes during the ictal phase and, more importantly, differentiates the roles of neurons’ activity, identifying their origin as either synaptic or ephaptic.ResultsOur model reveals an intriguing interaction between the synaptic and ephaptic modes of action potential wave conduction. By replicating the EEG and multi-unit activity (MUA) structure of a tonic–clonic seizure and comparing it with real MUA data, we validate the model’s underlying assumption: the transition from tonic to clonic phases is driven by a shift in dominance from synaptic to ephaptic conduction. During synaptic-mode control, neural conduction occurs through synaptic transmission involving chemical substances, while in the ephaptic mode, information transfer occurs through direct Ohmic conduction.SignificanceGaining a deeper understanding of the neuronal electrical conduction transitions during tonic–clonic seizures is crucial for improving the treatment of this debilitating condition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e032a64d542416abd1d631dd53ec433 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e032a64d542416abd1d631dd53ec4332024-11-29T05:10:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952024-11-011510.3389/fneur.2024.14771741477174Ephaptic conduction in tonic–clonic seizuresAvinoam Rabinovitch0Revital Rabinovitch1Ella Smolik2Yaacov Biton3Doron Braunstein4Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, IsraelMakif YudAlef, Rishon Lezion, IsraelDepartment of Physics, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, IsraelDepartment of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, IsraelDepartment of Physics, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, IsraelObjectivesElectroencephalograms (EEGs) or multi-unit activities (MUAs) of tonic–clonic seizures typically exhibit a distinct structure. After a preliminary phase (DC shift, spikes), the tonic phase is characterized by synchronized activity of numerous neurons, followed by the clonic phase, marked by a periodic sequence of spikes. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition from tonic to clonic phases remain poorly understood.MethodsWe employ a simple two-dimensional cellular automaton model to simulate seizure activity, specifically focusing on replicating the tonic–clonic transition. This model effectively illustrates the physical processes during the ictal phase and, more importantly, differentiates the roles of neurons’ activity, identifying their origin as either synaptic or ephaptic.ResultsOur model reveals an intriguing interaction between the synaptic and ephaptic modes of action potential wave conduction. By replicating the EEG and multi-unit activity (MUA) structure of a tonic–clonic seizure and comparing it with real MUA data, we validate the model’s underlying assumption: the transition from tonic to clonic phases is driven by a shift in dominance from synaptic to ephaptic conduction. During synaptic-mode control, neural conduction occurs through synaptic transmission involving chemical substances, while in the ephaptic mode, information transfer occurs through direct Ohmic conduction.SignificanceGaining a deeper understanding of the neuronal electrical conduction transitions during tonic–clonic seizures is crucial for improving the treatment of this debilitating condition.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2024.1477174/fullephaptictonic–clonicseizuresEEGcellular automaton (CA) |
| spellingShingle | Avinoam Rabinovitch Revital Rabinovitch Ella Smolik Yaacov Biton Doron Braunstein Ephaptic conduction in tonic–clonic seizures Frontiers in Neurology ephaptic tonic–clonic seizures EEG cellular automaton (CA) |
| title | Ephaptic conduction in tonic–clonic seizures |
| title_full | Ephaptic conduction in tonic–clonic seizures |
| title_fullStr | Ephaptic conduction in tonic–clonic seizures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ephaptic conduction in tonic–clonic seizures |
| title_short | Ephaptic conduction in tonic–clonic seizures |
| title_sort | ephaptic conduction in tonic clonic seizures |
| topic | ephaptic tonic–clonic seizures EEG cellular automaton (CA) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2024.1477174/full |
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