Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)

Abstract Introduction Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem illness, with fluctuating symptoms that affect the daily activities of patients. There are still no standardised diagnostic criteria or treatment approaches for managing LC. The LC‐Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP) was designed to support the me...

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Main Authors: Hiyam Al‐Jabr, David R. Thompson, David J. Castle, Chantal F. Ski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-02-01
Series:Health Expectations
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13879
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author Hiyam Al‐Jabr
David R. Thompson
David J. Castle
Chantal F. Ski
author_facet Hiyam Al‐Jabr
David R. Thompson
David J. Castle
Chantal F. Ski
author_sort Hiyam Al‐Jabr
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem illness, with fluctuating symptoms that affect the daily activities of patients. There are still no standardised diagnostic criteria or treatment approaches for managing LC. The LC‐Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP) was designed to support the mental wellbeing and physical health of people with LC. Gaining an in‐depth understanding of patients' experiences and support strategies is imperative to identifying appropriate supports to guide them through their recovery. This study aimed to elicit the experiences and perceptions of adults with LC regarding symptoms, support strategies and the LC‐OHP. Methods As part of a wider randomised controlled trial of the LC‐OHP, participants in the intervention group had their sessions audio‐recorded. Transcripts were thematically analysed to identify common emergent themes. Findings The LC‐OHP was delivered to 26 participants. Data were collected between January 2022 and February 2023. Four main themes emerged: ‘Symptoms and impact of LC’; ‘Other sources of support and perceived challenges’; ‘Strategies to support LC’ and ‘Perceptions of the LC‐OHP’. Conclusion LC experiences were mostly described as fluctuating and burdensome that significantly impacted daily activities, and physical and mental health. The LC‐OHP was perceived as beneficial. Access and experiences of other sources of support were varied. Increasing LC awareness amongst health practitioners and the wider community has the potential to improve the experiences of those affected by LC. Patient or Public Contribution The LC‐OHP was derived from the OHP. It was adapted to people with LC following consultation with practitioners at an LC clinic. Additionally, the mode and timing of delivering the programme to this population were taken into account for its delivery at the convenience of participating patients. While considering that fatigue and brain fog are amongst the most reported complaints of people with LC, public members with LC were not involved directly in this study; however, feedback obtained from practitioners working with this population was implemented in amending the programme and its delivery. Additionally, feedback from patients with other chronic health conditions who used the OHP in previous studies has been implemented to make the programme more user‐friendly. Moreover, feedback obtained from participants receiving this programme in this study was implanted immediately and shared with other participants. Finally, this study was overviewed by a data management committee that included two public members with LC, who contributed and provided guidance to support this study.
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spelling doaj-art-7de80aa294034e95a65d051def5cc2dd2025-08-23T11:53:04ZengWileyHealth Expectations1369-65131369-76252024-02-01271n/an/a10.1111/hex.13879Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)Hiyam Al‐Jabr0David R. Thompson1David J. Castle2Chantal F. Ski3Primary Community and Social Care Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Keele Keele UKSchool of Nursing and Midwifery Queen's University Belfast Belfast UKDepartment of Psychiatry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania AustraliaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery Queen's University Belfast Belfast UKAbstract Introduction Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem illness, with fluctuating symptoms that affect the daily activities of patients. There are still no standardised diagnostic criteria or treatment approaches for managing LC. The LC‐Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP) was designed to support the mental wellbeing and physical health of people with LC. Gaining an in‐depth understanding of patients' experiences and support strategies is imperative to identifying appropriate supports to guide them through their recovery. This study aimed to elicit the experiences and perceptions of adults with LC regarding symptoms, support strategies and the LC‐OHP. Methods As part of a wider randomised controlled trial of the LC‐OHP, participants in the intervention group had their sessions audio‐recorded. Transcripts were thematically analysed to identify common emergent themes. Findings The LC‐OHP was delivered to 26 participants. Data were collected between January 2022 and February 2023. Four main themes emerged: ‘Symptoms and impact of LC’; ‘Other sources of support and perceived challenges’; ‘Strategies to support LC’ and ‘Perceptions of the LC‐OHP’. Conclusion LC experiences were mostly described as fluctuating and burdensome that significantly impacted daily activities, and physical and mental health. The LC‐OHP was perceived as beneficial. Access and experiences of other sources of support were varied. Increasing LC awareness amongst health practitioners and the wider community has the potential to improve the experiences of those affected by LC. Patient or Public Contribution The LC‐OHP was derived from the OHP. It was adapted to people with LC following consultation with practitioners at an LC clinic. Additionally, the mode and timing of delivering the programme to this population were taken into account for its delivery at the convenience of participating patients. While considering that fatigue and brain fog are amongst the most reported complaints of people with LC, public members with LC were not involved directly in this study; however, feedback obtained from practitioners working with this population was implemented in amending the programme and its delivery. Additionally, feedback from patients with other chronic health conditions who used the OHP in previous studies has been implemented to make the programme more user‐friendly. Moreover, feedback obtained from participants receiving this programme in this study was implanted immediately and shared with other participants. Finally, this study was overviewed by a data management committee that included two public members with LC, who contributed and provided guidance to support this study.https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13879COVID‐19long COVIDmental healthOptimal Health Programmepatient experiencequalitative research
spellingShingle Hiyam Al‐Jabr
David R. Thompson
David J. Castle
Chantal F. Ski
Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)
Health Expectations
COVID‐19
long COVID
mental health
Optimal Health Programme
patient experience
qualitative research
title Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)
title_full Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)
title_fullStr Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)
title_full_unstemmed Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)
title_short Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)
title_sort experiences of people with long covid symptoms support strategies and the long covid optimal health programme lc ohp
topic COVID‐19
long COVID
mental health
Optimal Health Programme
patient experience
qualitative research
url https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13879
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