7-step endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant-based breast reconstruction: nipple sensation preservation and low complications
Abstract Background Single-port endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy (E-NSM) with implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) represents a promising surgical technique. However, the surgical procedures are complex and lack standardized and systematic surgical protocols. The seven-step method was intr...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | World Journal of Surgical Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-025-03935-7 |
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