Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms

The advancement of Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) in dentistry has shown remarkable progress, with a focus on innovative materials and scaffolds to facilitate reparative dentin formation and tissue regeneration. A comprehensive search strategy was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using...

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Main Authors: Vidhyashree Rajasekar, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla, Mengyu Huang, Prasanna Neelakantan, Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Bioengineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/3/248
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author Vidhyashree Rajasekar
Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla
Mengyu Huang
Prasanna Neelakantan
Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
author_facet Vidhyashree Rajasekar
Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla
Mengyu Huang
Prasanna Neelakantan
Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
author_sort Vidhyashree Rajasekar
collection DOAJ
description The advancement of Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) in dentistry has shown remarkable progress, with a focus on innovative materials and scaffolds to facilitate reparative dentin formation and tissue regeneration. A comprehensive search strategy was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as “vital pulp therapy”, “biomaterials”, “dentin regeneration”, and “growth factors”, with filters for English language studies published in the last 10 years. The inclusion criteria focused on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evaluating traditional and next-generation biomaterials for pulp capping and tissue regeneration. Due to the limitations of calcium-based cements in tissue regeneration, next-generation biomaterials like gelatin, chitosan, alginate, platelet-rich fibrins (PRF), demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), self-assembling peptides, and DNA-based nanomaterials were explored for their enhanced biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and regenerative potential. These biomaterials hold great potential in enhancing VPT outcomes, but further research is required to understand their efficacy and impact on dentin reparative properties. This review explores the mechanisms and properties of biomaterials in dentin tissue regeneration, emphasizing key features that enhance tissue regeneration. These features include biomaterial sources, physicochemical properties, and biological characteristics that support cells and functions. The discussion also covers the biomaterials’ capability to encapsulate growth factors for dentin repair. The development of innovative biomaterials and next-generation scaffold materials presents exciting opportunities for advancing VPT in dentistry, with the potential to improve clinical outcomes and promote tissue regeneration in a safe and effective manner.
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spelling doaj-art-7d4125a006ba43b1a93d61f70ecefd7f2025-08-20T03:43:21ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-02-0112324810.3390/bioengineering12030248Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration MechanismsVidhyashree Rajasekar0Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla1Mengyu Huang2Prasanna Neelakantan3Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu4Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, EgyptDivision of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaMike Petryk School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, CanadaDivision of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaThe advancement of Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) in dentistry has shown remarkable progress, with a focus on innovative materials and scaffolds to facilitate reparative dentin formation and tissue regeneration. A comprehensive search strategy was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as “vital pulp therapy”, “biomaterials”, “dentin regeneration”, and “growth factors”, with filters for English language studies published in the last 10 years. The inclusion criteria focused on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evaluating traditional and next-generation biomaterials for pulp capping and tissue regeneration. Due to the limitations of calcium-based cements in tissue regeneration, next-generation biomaterials like gelatin, chitosan, alginate, platelet-rich fibrins (PRF), demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), self-assembling peptides, and DNA-based nanomaterials were explored for their enhanced biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and regenerative potential. These biomaterials hold great potential in enhancing VPT outcomes, but further research is required to understand their efficacy and impact on dentin reparative properties. This review explores the mechanisms and properties of biomaterials in dentin tissue regeneration, emphasizing key features that enhance tissue regeneration. These features include biomaterial sources, physicochemical properties, and biological characteristics that support cells and functions. The discussion also covers the biomaterials’ capability to encapsulate growth factors for dentin repair. The development of innovative biomaterials and next-generation scaffold materials presents exciting opportunities for advancing VPT in dentistry, with the potential to improve clinical outcomes and promote tissue regeneration in a safe and effective manner.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/3/248dentinpulpbiomaterialsregeneration
spellingShingle Vidhyashree Rajasekar
Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla
Mengyu Huang
Prasanna Neelakantan
Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms
Bioengineering
dentin
pulp
biomaterials
regeneration
title Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms
title_full Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms
title_fullStr Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms
title_short Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms
title_sort next generation biomaterials for vital pulp therapy exploring biological properties and dentin regeneration mechanisms
topic dentin
pulp
biomaterials
regeneration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/3/248
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AT mohamedmahmoudabdalla nextgenerationbiomaterialsforvitalpulptherapyexploringbiologicalpropertiesanddentinregenerationmechanisms
AT mengyuhuang nextgenerationbiomaterialsforvitalpulptherapyexploringbiologicalpropertiesanddentinregenerationmechanisms
AT prasannaneelakantan nextgenerationbiomaterialsforvitalpulptherapyexploringbiologicalpropertiesanddentinregenerationmechanisms
AT cynthiakaryungyiu nextgenerationbiomaterialsforvitalpulptherapyexploringbiologicalpropertiesanddentinregenerationmechanisms