Taguchi-based optimisation of FSW parameters for advancement in aerospace materials: Al-Li 2060 alloy
Aluminium-lithium (Al-Li) 2060 alloy, a 3rd generation Al-Li alloy, is considered a structural material for aircraft components. This study employs the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process with a kinematic 5-axis robotic arm to weld 4-mm-thick plates of 2060-T8E30 Al-Li alloy. The focus is on the imp...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402417079X |
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| author | Noah E. El-Zathry Stephen Akinlabi Wai Lok Woo Vivek Patel Rasheedat M. Mahamood |
| author_facet | Noah E. El-Zathry Stephen Akinlabi Wai Lok Woo Vivek Patel Rasheedat M. Mahamood |
| author_sort | Noah E. El-Zathry |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aluminium-lithium (Al-Li) 2060 alloy, a 3rd generation Al-Li alloy, is considered a structural material for aircraft components. This study employs the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process with a kinematic 5-axis robotic arm to weld 4-mm-thick plates of 2060-T8E30 Al-Li alloy. The focus is on the impact of tool axial force and speeds on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and surface integrity of the welded joints. The applied process parameters included rotational speeds ranging from 800 to 1600 rpm, traverse speeds from 2 to 4 mm/s, and axial forces from 4 to 6 kN. We utilise the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to optimise the process parameters. The results revealed that rotational speed is paramount for affecting the welds' quality, followed by axial force and then traverse. Defect-free samples exhibited a fine surface finish, with average roughness values of 3.05 μm and 3.536 μm. The study also showed that 5 kN of axial force, 1200 rpm of rotational speed, and 3 mm/s of traverse speed were the best FSW conditions for getting a maximum stir zone microhardness value of 128.77 HV. This study also shows how to improve the FSW parameters for Al-Li alloys, showing how important precise parameter control is for improving joint strength and weld quality in high-tech aerospace and automotive applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7d21c913e0874a7abd3e285a56e9c2b5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-7d21c913e0874a7abd3e285a56e9c2b52024-12-19T10:56:31ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-12-011024e41048Taguchi-based optimisation of FSW parameters for advancement in aerospace materials: Al-Li 2060 alloyNoah E. El-Zathry0Stephen Akinlabi1Wai Lok Woo2Vivek Patel3Rasheedat M. Mahamood4Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; Mechanical Engineering Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; Corresponding author. Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United KingdomDepartment of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United KingdomDepartment of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhattan, 46186, Sweden; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United KingdomAluminium-lithium (Al-Li) 2060 alloy, a 3rd generation Al-Li alloy, is considered a structural material for aircraft components. This study employs the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process with a kinematic 5-axis robotic arm to weld 4-mm-thick plates of 2060-T8E30 Al-Li alloy. The focus is on the impact of tool axial force and speeds on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and surface integrity of the welded joints. The applied process parameters included rotational speeds ranging from 800 to 1600 rpm, traverse speeds from 2 to 4 mm/s, and axial forces from 4 to 6 kN. We utilise the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to optimise the process parameters. The results revealed that rotational speed is paramount for affecting the welds' quality, followed by axial force and then traverse. Defect-free samples exhibited a fine surface finish, with average roughness values of 3.05 μm and 3.536 μm. The study also showed that 5 kN of axial force, 1200 rpm of rotational speed, and 3 mm/s of traverse speed were the best FSW conditions for getting a maximum stir zone microhardness value of 128.77 HV. This study also shows how to improve the FSW parameters for Al-Li alloys, showing how important precise parameter control is for improving joint strength and weld quality in high-tech aerospace and automotive applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402417079XAluminium-lithium alloysFriction stir weldingMicrohardnessMicrostructureAxial force and taguchi method |
| spellingShingle | Noah E. El-Zathry Stephen Akinlabi Wai Lok Woo Vivek Patel Rasheedat M. Mahamood Taguchi-based optimisation of FSW parameters for advancement in aerospace materials: Al-Li 2060 alloy Heliyon Aluminium-lithium alloys Friction stir welding Microhardness Microstructure Axial force and taguchi method |
| title | Taguchi-based optimisation of FSW parameters for advancement in aerospace materials: Al-Li 2060 alloy |
| title_full | Taguchi-based optimisation of FSW parameters for advancement in aerospace materials: Al-Li 2060 alloy |
| title_fullStr | Taguchi-based optimisation of FSW parameters for advancement in aerospace materials: Al-Li 2060 alloy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Taguchi-based optimisation of FSW parameters for advancement in aerospace materials: Al-Li 2060 alloy |
| title_short | Taguchi-based optimisation of FSW parameters for advancement in aerospace materials: Al-Li 2060 alloy |
| title_sort | taguchi based optimisation of fsw parameters for advancement in aerospace materials al li 2060 alloy |
| topic | Aluminium-lithium alloys Friction stir welding Microhardness Microstructure Axial force and taguchi method |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402417079X |
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