Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID Study
<b>Background</b>: Diabetes and hypertension are major global health challenges aggravated by COVID-19’s impact on healthcare and lifestyle factors. This study aims to compare the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors of these conditions before and after the pandemic (2019...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/12/329 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846105000645754880 |
|---|---|
| author | Manuela Chiavarini Jacopo Dolcini Giorgio Firmani Elisa Ponzio Pamela Barbadoro |
| author_facet | Manuela Chiavarini Jacopo Dolcini Giorgio Firmani Elisa Ponzio Pamela Barbadoro |
| author_sort | Manuela Chiavarini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: Diabetes and hypertension are major global health challenges aggravated by COVID-19’s impact on healthcare and lifestyle factors. This study aims to compare the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors of these conditions before and after the pandemic (2019 vs. 2022). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: We used data from Italy’s “Aspects of Daily Life” survey; 74,294 adults were included. <b>Results</b>: Results show a rise in diabetes prevalence from 7.76% in 2019 to 8.49% in 2022 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while hypertension did not show this. Logistic regression analysis for the years 2019 and 2022 revealed a statistically significant association between the year 2022 and increased odds of diabetes (OR = 1.08, <i>p</i> = 0.008). BMI’s role as a risk factor intensified, with higher odds ratios (ORs) for both conditions in overweight and obese individuals in 2022. For example, obesity-related ORs for diabetes increased from 2.45 (95%CI 1.73–3.47) in 2019 to 3.02 (95%CI 2.09–4.35) in 2022, and for hypertension from 2.86 (95%CI 2.28–3.58) to 3.64 (95%CI 2.87–4.61). Lower education levels also showed a greater association with hypertension risk in 2022; subjects with only middle or high school diplomas had significantly higher ORs than individuals with higher education; there was a non-significant trend in 2019. However, diabetes risk associated with lower education remained stable and significant in both years. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that the pandemic may have increased risk factors for diabetes and hypertension, particularly BMI and educational level, compared with the literature on the increased burden of chronic diseases during COVID-19. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7d0862599dfa4a1c9eff2891a1dafc50 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-7d0862599dfa4a1c9eff2891a1dafc502024-12-27T14:21:22ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212024-12-01121232910.3390/diseases12120329Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID StudyManuela Chiavarini0Jacopo Dolcini1Giorgio Firmani2Elisa Ponzio3Pamela Barbadoro4Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy<b>Background</b>: Diabetes and hypertension are major global health challenges aggravated by COVID-19’s impact on healthcare and lifestyle factors. This study aims to compare the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors of these conditions before and after the pandemic (2019 vs. 2022). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: We used data from Italy’s “Aspects of Daily Life” survey; 74,294 adults were included. <b>Results</b>: Results show a rise in diabetes prevalence from 7.76% in 2019 to 8.49% in 2022 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while hypertension did not show this. Logistic regression analysis for the years 2019 and 2022 revealed a statistically significant association between the year 2022 and increased odds of diabetes (OR = 1.08, <i>p</i> = 0.008). BMI’s role as a risk factor intensified, with higher odds ratios (ORs) for both conditions in overweight and obese individuals in 2022. For example, obesity-related ORs for diabetes increased from 2.45 (95%CI 1.73–3.47) in 2019 to 3.02 (95%CI 2.09–4.35) in 2022, and for hypertension from 2.86 (95%CI 2.28–3.58) to 3.64 (95%CI 2.87–4.61). Lower education levels also showed a greater association with hypertension risk in 2022; subjects with only middle or high school diplomas had significantly higher ORs than individuals with higher education; there was a non-significant trend in 2019. However, diabetes risk associated with lower education remained stable and significant in both years. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that the pandemic may have increased risk factors for diabetes and hypertension, particularly BMI and educational level, compared with the literature on the increased burden of chronic diseases during COVID-19.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/12/329COVID-19chronic diseasesdiabeteshypertensionsocioeconomic determinants |
| spellingShingle | Manuela Chiavarini Jacopo Dolcini Giorgio Firmani Elisa Ponzio Pamela Barbadoro Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID Study Diseases COVID-19 chronic diseases diabetes hypertension socioeconomic determinants |
| title | Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID Study |
| title_full | Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID Study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID Study |
| title_short | Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID Study |
| title_sort | prevalence of diabetes hypertension and associated of cardiovascular diseases a comparative pre and post covid study |
| topic | COVID-19 chronic diseases diabetes hypertension socioeconomic determinants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/12/329 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manuelachiavarini prevalenceofdiabeteshypertensionandassociatedofcardiovasculardiseasesacomparativepreandpostcovidstudy AT jacopodolcini prevalenceofdiabeteshypertensionandassociatedofcardiovasculardiseasesacomparativepreandpostcovidstudy AT giorgiofirmani prevalenceofdiabeteshypertensionandassociatedofcardiovasculardiseasesacomparativepreandpostcovidstudy AT elisaponzio prevalenceofdiabeteshypertensionandassociatedofcardiovasculardiseasesacomparativepreandpostcovidstudy AT pamelabarbadoro prevalenceofdiabeteshypertensionandassociatedofcardiovasculardiseasesacomparativepreandpostcovidstudy |