Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Dysfunction
The “One Health approach” has evidenced the significant impact of xenobiotic exposure to health, and humans are a relevant target for their toxic effects. Bisphenol A (BPA) exerts a ubiquitous exposure source in all ecosystems. Given its endocrine-disrupting and harmful consequences on health, sever...
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2024-11-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| author | José R. Palacios-Valladares Yesenia I. Martinez-Jimenez Vanessa Morillon-Torres Omar B. Rivera-Maya Rocio Gómez Emma S. Calderon-Aranda |
| author_facet | José R. Palacios-Valladares Yesenia I. Martinez-Jimenez Vanessa Morillon-Torres Omar B. Rivera-Maya Rocio Gómez Emma S. Calderon-Aranda |
| author_sort | José R. Palacios-Valladares |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The “One Health approach” has evidenced the significant impact of xenobiotic exposure to health, and humans are a relevant target for their toxic effects. Bisphenol A (BPA) exerts a ubiquitous exposure source in all ecosystems. Given its endocrine-disrupting and harmful consequences on health, several countries have enforced new regulations to reduce exposure to BPA. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are complex conditions that lead to higher mortality worldwide, where family history, lifestyle, and environmental factors, like BPA exposure, have a remarkable contribution. This chemical compound is the most widely used in plastic and epoxy resin manufacturing and has been associated with effects on human health. Therefore, new-generation bisphenols (NGBs) are replacing BPA use, arguing that they do not harm health. Nonetheless, the knowledge about whether NGBs are secure options is scanty. Although BPA’s effects on several organs and systems have been documented, the role of BPA and NGBs in CVDs has yet to be explored. This review’s goals are focused on the processes of endothelial activation (EA)–endothelial dysfunction (ED), a cornerstone of CVDs development, bisphenols’ (BPs) effects on these processes through oxidant and antioxidant system alteration. Despite the scarce evidence on pro-oxidant effects associated with NGBs, our review demonstrated a comparable harmful effect on BPA. The results from the present review suggest that the biological mechanisms to explain BPs cardiotoxic effects are the oxidant stress ↔ inflammatory response ↔ EA ↔ ED → atherosclerotic plate → coagulation promotion. Other effects contributing to CVD development include altered lipid metabolism, ionic channels, and the activation of different intracellular pathways, which contribute to ED perpetuation in a concerted manner. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ce549242ef742cb9c93b9cb424916be |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ce549242ef742cb9c93b9cb424916be2024-12-27T14:06:40ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-11-011312146810.3390/antiox13121468Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular DysfunctionJosé R. Palacios-Valladares0Yesenia I. Martinez-Jimenez1Vanessa Morillon-Torres2Omar B. Rivera-Maya3Rocio Gómez4Emma S. Calderon-Aranda5Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, MexicoThe “One Health approach” has evidenced the significant impact of xenobiotic exposure to health, and humans are a relevant target for their toxic effects. Bisphenol A (BPA) exerts a ubiquitous exposure source in all ecosystems. Given its endocrine-disrupting and harmful consequences on health, several countries have enforced new regulations to reduce exposure to BPA. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are complex conditions that lead to higher mortality worldwide, where family history, lifestyle, and environmental factors, like BPA exposure, have a remarkable contribution. This chemical compound is the most widely used in plastic and epoxy resin manufacturing and has been associated with effects on human health. Therefore, new-generation bisphenols (NGBs) are replacing BPA use, arguing that they do not harm health. Nonetheless, the knowledge about whether NGBs are secure options is scanty. Although BPA’s effects on several organs and systems have been documented, the role of BPA and NGBs in CVDs has yet to be explored. This review’s goals are focused on the processes of endothelial activation (EA)–endothelial dysfunction (ED), a cornerstone of CVDs development, bisphenols’ (BPs) effects on these processes through oxidant and antioxidant system alteration. Despite the scarce evidence on pro-oxidant effects associated with NGBs, our review demonstrated a comparable harmful effect on BPA. The results from the present review suggest that the biological mechanisms to explain BPs cardiotoxic effects are the oxidant stress ↔ inflammatory response ↔ EA ↔ ED → atherosclerotic plate → coagulation promotion. Other effects contributing to CVD development include altered lipid metabolism, ionic channels, and the activation of different intracellular pathways, which contribute to ED perpetuation in a concerted manner.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1468cardiovascular diseasesendothelial dysfunctionoxidative stressoxidant systemantioxidant systembisphenol A |
| spellingShingle | José R. Palacios-Valladares Yesenia I. Martinez-Jimenez Vanessa Morillon-Torres Omar B. Rivera-Maya Rocio Gómez Emma S. Calderon-Aranda Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Dysfunction Antioxidants cardiovascular diseases endothelial dysfunction oxidative stress oxidant system antioxidant system bisphenol A |
| title | Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Dysfunction |
| title_full | Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Dysfunction |
| title_fullStr | Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Dysfunction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Dysfunction |
| title_short | Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Dysfunction |
| title_sort | bisphenol a and its emergent substitutes state of the art of the impact of these plasticizers on oxidative stress and its role in vascular dysfunction |
| topic | cardiovascular diseases endothelial dysfunction oxidative stress oxidant system antioxidant system bisphenol A |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1468 |
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