Mathematical model and stability of SWCNT- and MWCNT-based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical cone

This study investigates the significance of single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes with a convectional fluid (water) over a vertical cone under the influences of chemical reaction, magnetic field, thermal radiation and saturated porous media. The impact of heat sources is...

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Main Authors: Haihua Xu, Fuad A. Awwad, Emad A. A. Ismail, Waris Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2024.1463778/full
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author Haihua Xu
Fuad A. Awwad
Emad A. A. Ismail
Waris Khan
author_facet Haihua Xu
Fuad A. Awwad
Emad A. A. Ismail
Waris Khan
author_sort Haihua Xu
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the significance of single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes with a convectional fluid (water) over a vertical cone under the influences of chemical reaction, magnetic field, thermal radiation and saturated porous media. The impact of heat sources is also examined. Based on the flow assumptions, the fundamental flow equations are modeled as partial differential equations (PDEs). Using the appropriate transformation, the PDEs are converted to ordinary differential equations and then solved via RK4 in MATLAB. To confirm the results, a comparison is made with a previously investigated problem, finding good agreement. The emerging dimensionless physical parameters impact on the flow problem is determined through graphs and tables. Analysis reveals a dual solution for the suction and injection parameter. Therefore, stability examination is implemented to confirm a stable solution. The aim of the study is to analyze SWCTs and MWCTs in a vertical cone with stability to establish that only the first solution is reliable. The analysis here signifies that large volume fractions can be substituted to increase the nanofluid movement. The mathematical model and graphical demonstration indicate that the velocity of MWCNTs is higher than SWCNTs. Moreover, the local skin friction, rate of heat transfer, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers improve with Biot number.
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series Frontiers in Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-7c409b64c4e347018b9cdc6dd99e213c2025-01-14T04:11:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462025-01-011210.3389/fchem.2024.14637781463778Mathematical model and stability of SWCNT- and MWCNT-based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical coneHaihua Xu0Fuad A. Awwad1Emad A. A. Ismail2Waris Khan3School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, PakistanThis study investigates the significance of single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes with a convectional fluid (water) over a vertical cone under the influences of chemical reaction, magnetic field, thermal radiation and saturated porous media. The impact of heat sources is also examined. Based on the flow assumptions, the fundamental flow equations are modeled as partial differential equations (PDEs). Using the appropriate transformation, the PDEs are converted to ordinary differential equations and then solved via RK4 in MATLAB. To confirm the results, a comparison is made with a previously investigated problem, finding good agreement. The emerging dimensionless physical parameters impact on the flow problem is determined through graphs and tables. Analysis reveals a dual solution for the suction and injection parameter. Therefore, stability examination is implemented to confirm a stable solution. The aim of the study is to analyze SWCTs and MWCTs in a vertical cone with stability to establish that only the first solution is reliable. The analysis here signifies that large volume fractions can be substituted to increase the nanofluid movement. The mathematical model and graphical demonstration indicate that the velocity of MWCNTs is higher than SWCNTs. Moreover, the local skin friction, rate of heat transfer, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers improve with Biot number.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2024.1463778/fullnumerical investigationdual solutionstability analysisnanofluidthermal radiationsolutal boundary layer
spellingShingle Haihua Xu
Fuad A. Awwad
Emad A. A. Ismail
Waris Khan
Mathematical model and stability of SWCNT- and MWCNT-based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical cone
Frontiers in Chemistry
numerical investigation
dual solution
stability analysis
nanofluid
thermal radiation
solutal boundary layer
title Mathematical model and stability of SWCNT- and MWCNT-based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical cone
title_full Mathematical model and stability of SWCNT- and MWCNT-based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical cone
title_fullStr Mathematical model and stability of SWCNT- and MWCNT-based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical cone
title_full_unstemmed Mathematical model and stability of SWCNT- and MWCNT-based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical cone
title_short Mathematical model and stability of SWCNT- and MWCNT-based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical cone
title_sort mathematical model and stability of swcnt and mwcnt based nanofluid flow with thermal and chemically reactive effects inside a porous vertical cone
topic numerical investigation
dual solution
stability analysis
nanofluid
thermal radiation
solutal boundary layer
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2024.1463778/full
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AT emadaaismail mathematicalmodelandstabilityofswcntandmwcntbasednanofluidflowwiththermalandchemicallyreactiveeffectsinsideaporousverticalcone
AT wariskhan mathematicalmodelandstabilityofswcntandmwcntbasednanofluidflowwiththermalandchemicallyreactiveeffectsinsideaporousverticalcone