Innovative chitosan/graphene oxide composites: A thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from water

The study explores the adsorption behavior of pharmaceutical molecules, including the antiepileptic drug Levetiracetam (LEV), Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT), and Mefenamic Acid (MA), using bioadsorbents based on chitosan and graphene derivatives. Chitosan, derived from crab shell chitin, was blended wi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liliana Giraldo, Carlos A. Guerrero Fajardo, Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Results in Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024019406
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846100617857073152
author Liliana Giraldo
Carlos A. Guerrero Fajardo
Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján
author_facet Liliana Giraldo
Carlos A. Guerrero Fajardo
Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján
author_sort Liliana Giraldo
collection DOAJ
description The study explores the adsorption behavior of pharmaceutical molecules, including the antiepileptic drug Levetiracetam (LEV), Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT), and Mefenamic Acid (MA), using bioadsorbents based on chitosan and graphene derivatives. Chitosan, derived from crab shell chitin, was blended with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at varying concentrations (0.05 % and 0.5 %) to assess its impact on adsorption performance and material properties. Composites containing 0.5 % GO and rGO demonstrated the highest adsorption capacities, achieving maximum values of 30.85mg/g for KT on rGO and 29.74mg/g on GO. Adsorption equilibrium was rapidly attained, typically within 10 min to a few hours, and the process conformed to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption isotherms were best described by the Sips model, suggesting increased capacity with rising temperature, consistent with results from immersion calorimetry. Optimal adsorption occurred at a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 60 °C. Comprehensive characterization using N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and pHpzc measurements validated the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents. Thermodynamic analyses revealed spontaneous and exothermic adsorption interactions, with enthalpy values indicative of physical adsorption mechanisms. These findings underscore the potential of these chitosan-based bioadsorbents for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical molecules, demonstrating their applicability in environmental remediation and water purification technologies.
format Article
id doaj-art-7c34bfa5fe4049c584002a576a565ef3
institution Kabale University
issn 2590-1230
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Results in Engineering
spelling doaj-art-7c34bfa5fe4049c584002a576a565ef32024-12-30T04:15:55ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-0125103697Innovative chitosan/graphene oxide composites: A thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from waterLiliana Giraldo0Carlos A. Guerrero Fajardo1Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján2Departamento de Química, Grupo de Calorimetría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá DC 11001, ColombiaDepartamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo Aprena, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá DC 11001, ColombiaDepartamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Investigación en Sólidos Porosos y Calorimetría, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18 A-12, Bogotá DC 111711, Colombia; Corresponding author.The study explores the adsorption behavior of pharmaceutical molecules, including the antiepileptic drug Levetiracetam (LEV), Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT), and Mefenamic Acid (MA), using bioadsorbents based on chitosan and graphene derivatives. Chitosan, derived from crab shell chitin, was blended with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at varying concentrations (0.05 % and 0.5 %) to assess its impact on adsorption performance and material properties. Composites containing 0.5 % GO and rGO demonstrated the highest adsorption capacities, achieving maximum values of 30.85mg/g for KT on rGO and 29.74mg/g on GO. Adsorption equilibrium was rapidly attained, typically within 10 min to a few hours, and the process conformed to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption isotherms were best described by the Sips model, suggesting increased capacity with rising temperature, consistent with results from immersion calorimetry. Optimal adsorption occurred at a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 60 °C. Comprehensive characterization using N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and pHpzc measurements validated the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents. Thermodynamic analyses revealed spontaneous and exothermic adsorption interactions, with enthalpy values indicative of physical adsorption mechanisms. These findings underscore the potential of these chitosan-based bioadsorbents for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical molecules, demonstrating their applicability in environmental remediation and water purification technologies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024019406Adsorption isothermsAntiepilepticsChitosanGraphene oxideImmersion calorimetryThermodynamic
spellingShingle Liliana Giraldo
Carlos A. Guerrero Fajardo
Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján
Innovative chitosan/graphene oxide composites: A thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from water
Results in Engineering
Adsorption isotherms
Antiepileptics
Chitosan
Graphene oxide
Immersion calorimetry
Thermodynamic
title Innovative chitosan/graphene oxide composites: A thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from water
title_full Innovative chitosan/graphene oxide composites: A thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from water
title_fullStr Innovative chitosan/graphene oxide composites: A thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from water
title_full_unstemmed Innovative chitosan/graphene oxide composites: A thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from water
title_short Innovative chitosan/graphene oxide composites: A thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from water
title_sort innovative chitosan graphene oxide composites a thermodynamic and calorimetric approach to pharmaceutical waste removal from water
topic Adsorption isotherms
Antiepileptics
Chitosan
Graphene oxide
Immersion calorimetry
Thermodynamic
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024019406
work_keys_str_mv AT lilianagiraldo innovativechitosangrapheneoxidecompositesathermodynamicandcalorimetricapproachtopharmaceuticalwasteremovalfromwater
AT carlosaguerrerofajardo innovativechitosangrapheneoxidecompositesathermodynamicandcalorimetricapproachtopharmaceuticalwasteremovalfromwater
AT juancarlosmorenopirajan innovativechitosangrapheneoxidecompositesathermodynamicandcalorimetricapproachtopharmaceuticalwasteremovalfromwater