Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment
The phenomenon known as “dimming” or shading, caused by the increase in aerosols, air pollutants, and population density, is reducing global radiation, including both direct solar radiation and radiation scattered by the atmosphere. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge for agricultural prod...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Giancarlo Pagnani Alfredo Lorenzo Nausicaa Occhipinti Lisa Antonucci Sara D’Egidio Fabio Stagnari Michele Pisante |
| author_facet | Giancarlo Pagnani Alfredo Lorenzo Nausicaa Occhipinti Lisa Antonucci Sara D’Egidio Fabio Stagnari Michele Pisante |
| author_sort | Giancarlo Pagnani |
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| description | The phenomenon known as “dimming” or shading, caused by the increase in aerosols, air pollutants, and population density, is reducing global radiation, including both direct solar radiation and radiation scattered by the atmosphere. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge for agricultural production in many regions worldwide, with a global radiation decrease estimated between 1.4% and 2.7% per decade in areas between 25° N and 45° N. In particular, in Mediterranean regions, the production of durum wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L. subsp. <i>Durum</i>) is increasingly constrained by abiotic factors, such as spring/summer heat stress and drought, as well as reductions in solar radiation. Field experiments were conducted in Mosciano Sant’Angelo, Italy, over two cropping seasons (2016–2017 and 2017–2018) to evaluate the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) availability and nitrogen (N) fertilization on durum wheat. A split-plot design was used with two PAR levels (100% and 20% PAR) and three N rates (0, 100, and 250 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). Results highlighted that full sunlight (NoSh) significantly increased grain yield (+25%), thousand kernel weight (+46%), and total gluten fractions (+16%) compared to shaded conditions (Sh). Chlorophyll content and NDVI values were highest under Sh combined with 250 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Rainfall patterns strongly influenced productivity, with better vegetative growth in 2016–2017 and improved grain filling in 2017–2018. Nitrogen application significantly enhanced grain protein content, particularly under arid conditions. These findings emphasize the interaction between light availability and nitrogen management, suggesting that optimizing these factors can improve yield and quality in durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-7aef5e836cfd44ddaeeff0e7b20b6eb62025-01-10T13:19:40ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011417610.3390/plants14010076Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean EnvironmentGiancarlo Pagnani0Alfredo Lorenzo1Nausicaa Occhipinti2Lisa Antonucci3Sara D’Egidio4Fabio Stagnari5Michele Pisante6Department of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyThe phenomenon known as “dimming” or shading, caused by the increase in aerosols, air pollutants, and population density, is reducing global radiation, including both direct solar radiation and radiation scattered by the atmosphere. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge for agricultural production in many regions worldwide, with a global radiation decrease estimated between 1.4% and 2.7% per decade in areas between 25° N and 45° N. In particular, in Mediterranean regions, the production of durum wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L. subsp. <i>Durum</i>) is increasingly constrained by abiotic factors, such as spring/summer heat stress and drought, as well as reductions in solar radiation. Field experiments were conducted in Mosciano Sant’Angelo, Italy, over two cropping seasons (2016–2017 and 2017–2018) to evaluate the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) availability and nitrogen (N) fertilization on durum wheat. A split-plot design was used with two PAR levels (100% and 20% PAR) and three N rates (0, 100, and 250 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). Results highlighted that full sunlight (NoSh) significantly increased grain yield (+25%), thousand kernel weight (+46%), and total gluten fractions (+16%) compared to shaded conditions (Sh). Chlorophyll content and NDVI values were highest under Sh combined with 250 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Rainfall patterns strongly influenced productivity, with better vegetative growth in 2016–2017 and improved grain filling in 2017–2018. Nitrogen application significantly enhanced grain protein content, particularly under arid conditions. These findings emphasize the interaction between light availability and nitrogen management, suggesting that optimizing these factors can improve yield and quality in durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/76winter wheatyield component analysiswheat qualitynitrogen applicationlight-use efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Giancarlo Pagnani Alfredo Lorenzo Nausicaa Occhipinti Lisa Antonucci Sara D’Egidio Fabio Stagnari Michele Pisante Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment Plants winter wheat yield component analysis wheat quality nitrogen application light-use efficiency |
| title | Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_full | Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_short | Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_sort | effect of flowering shading on grain yield and quality of durum wheat in a mediterranean environment |
| topic | winter wheat yield component analysis wheat quality nitrogen application light-use efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/76 |
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