Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to Wastes
As one of the most widely used thermosets due to its excellent performances, epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in various fields and often employed as a component of composite actuator devices, strengthening their mechanical properties. However, the expanding production of EP inevitably leads to the a...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Actuators |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/13/11/449 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846154852757929984 |
|---|---|
| author | Shuhan Zhang Enjian He Huan Liang Zhijun Yang Yixuan Wang Zhongqiang Yang Chao Gao Guoli Wang Yen Wei Yan Ji |
| author_facet | Shuhan Zhang Enjian He Huan Liang Zhijun Yang Yixuan Wang Zhongqiang Yang Chao Gao Guoli Wang Yen Wei Yan Ji |
| author_sort | Shuhan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As one of the most widely used thermosets due to its excellent performances, epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in various fields and often employed as a component of composite actuator devices, strengthening their mechanical properties. However, the expanding production of EP inevitably leads to the accumulation of waste end-of-life equipment and the corresponding increasingly serious environmental problems. This review summarizes the recycling strategies of EP, divided into two perspectives: recycling from wastes and sources. Chemical recycling is expected to be the future of waste EP treatment, and we discuss the chemical recycling methods of existing waste EP based on different mechanisms, including the selective cleavage of ester bonds, C–N bonds, and C–O bonds. On the other hand, epoxy vitrimer networks based on various dynamic covalent linkages are also outlined, which can respond to multiple external stimuli and provide materials with recyclability from the origin. Therefore, the use of epoxy vitrimer actuators can prevent waste generation throughout the whole lifecycle. We present some issues of concern in both waste-based and source-based recycling strategies and emphasize the significance of scaling-up. Finally, we summarized the current situation and present some future perspectives with the aim of making practical contributions to environmental issues. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7aaa3c4c6d0c46e5a67c6c7ace63b01b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-0825 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Actuators |
| spelling | doaj-art-7aaa3c4c6d0c46e5a67c6c7ace63b01b2024-11-26T17:42:29ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252024-11-01131144910.3390/act13110449Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to WastesShuhan Zhang0Enjian He1Huan Liang2Zhijun Yang3Yixuan Wang4Zhongqiang Yang5Chao Gao6Guoli Wang7Yen Wei8Yan Ji9Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510623, ChinaElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510623, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaAs one of the most widely used thermosets due to its excellent performances, epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in various fields and often employed as a component of composite actuator devices, strengthening their mechanical properties. However, the expanding production of EP inevitably leads to the accumulation of waste end-of-life equipment and the corresponding increasingly serious environmental problems. This review summarizes the recycling strategies of EP, divided into two perspectives: recycling from wastes and sources. Chemical recycling is expected to be the future of waste EP treatment, and we discuss the chemical recycling methods of existing waste EP based on different mechanisms, including the selective cleavage of ester bonds, C–N bonds, and C–O bonds. On the other hand, epoxy vitrimer networks based on various dynamic covalent linkages are also outlined, which can respond to multiple external stimuli and provide materials with recyclability from the origin. Therefore, the use of epoxy vitrimer actuators can prevent waste generation throughout the whole lifecycle. We present some issues of concern in both waste-based and source-based recycling strategies and emphasize the significance of scaling-up. Finally, we summarized the current situation and present some future perspectives with the aim of making practical contributions to environmental issues.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/13/11/449epoxy resinwasteschemical recyclingdynamic covalent networkvitrimerbio-based sources |
| spellingShingle | Shuhan Zhang Enjian He Huan Liang Zhijun Yang Yixuan Wang Zhongqiang Yang Chao Gao Guoli Wang Yen Wei Yan Ji Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to Wastes Actuators epoxy resin wastes chemical recycling dynamic covalent network vitrimer bio-based sources |
| title | Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to Wastes |
| title_full | Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to Wastes |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to Wastes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to Wastes |
| title_short | Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to Wastes |
| title_sort | chemical recycling of epoxy thermosets from sources to wastes |
| topic | epoxy resin wastes chemical recycling dynamic covalent network vitrimer bio-based sources |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/13/11/449 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shuhanzhang chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT enjianhe chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT huanliang chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT zhijunyang chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT yixuanwang chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT zhongqiangyang chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT chaogao chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT guoliwang chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT yenwei chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes AT yanji chemicalrecyclingofepoxythermosetsfromsourcestowastes |