Future directions of lung‐protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the heterogeneous distribution of lung aeration along a gravitational direction due to increased lung density. Therefore, the lung available for ventilation is usually limited to ventral, nondependent lung regions and has been c...

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Main Authors: Taiki Hoshino, Takeshi Yoshida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:Acute Medicine & Surgery
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.918
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author Taiki Hoshino
Takeshi Yoshida
author_facet Taiki Hoshino
Takeshi Yoshida
author_sort Taiki Hoshino
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the heterogeneous distribution of lung aeration along a gravitational direction due to increased lung density. Therefore, the lung available for ventilation is usually limited to ventral, nondependent lung regions and has been called the “baby” lung. In ARDS, ventilator‐induced lung injury is known to occur in nondependent “baby” lungs, as ventilation is shifted to ventral, nondependent lung regions, increasing stress and strain. To protect this nondependent “baby” lung, the clinician targets and limits global parameters such as tidal volume and plateau pressure. In addition, positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to prevent dorsal, dependent atelectasis and, if successful, increases the size of the baby lung and lessens its susceptibility to injury from inspiratory stretch. Although many clinical trials have been performed in patients with ARDS over the last two decades, there are few successfully showing benefits on mortality (ie, prone positioning and neuromuscular blocking agents). These disappointing results contrast with other medical disciplines, especially in oncology, where the heterogeneity of diseases is recognized widely and precision medicine has been promoted. Thus, lung‐protective ventilation strategies need to take an innovative approach that accounts for the heterogeneity of injured lungs. This article summarizes ventilator‐induced lung injury and ARDS and discusses how to implement precision medicine in the field of ARDS. Potentially useful methods to individualize PEEP with esophageal balloon manometry, lung recruitability, and electrical impedance tomography were discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-7a7da05a34e04d60a413cda9e55c478b2024-12-30T10:18:38ZengWileyAcute Medicine & Surgery2052-88172024-01-01111n/an/a10.1002/ams2.918Future directions of lung‐protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndromeTaiki Hoshino0Takeshi Yoshida1The Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita JapanThe Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita JapanAbstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the heterogeneous distribution of lung aeration along a gravitational direction due to increased lung density. Therefore, the lung available for ventilation is usually limited to ventral, nondependent lung regions and has been called the “baby” lung. In ARDS, ventilator‐induced lung injury is known to occur in nondependent “baby” lungs, as ventilation is shifted to ventral, nondependent lung regions, increasing stress and strain. To protect this nondependent “baby” lung, the clinician targets and limits global parameters such as tidal volume and plateau pressure. In addition, positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to prevent dorsal, dependent atelectasis and, if successful, increases the size of the baby lung and lessens its susceptibility to injury from inspiratory stretch. Although many clinical trials have been performed in patients with ARDS over the last two decades, there are few successfully showing benefits on mortality (ie, prone positioning and neuromuscular blocking agents). These disappointing results contrast with other medical disciplines, especially in oncology, where the heterogeneity of diseases is recognized widely and precision medicine has been promoted. Thus, lung‐protective ventilation strategies need to take an innovative approach that accounts for the heterogeneity of injured lungs. This article summarizes ventilator‐induced lung injury and ARDS and discusses how to implement precision medicine in the field of ARDS. Potentially useful methods to individualize PEEP with esophageal balloon manometry, lung recruitability, and electrical impedance tomography were discussed.https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.918ARDSesophageal balloonmechanical ventilationPEEPprecision medicine
spellingShingle Taiki Hoshino
Takeshi Yoshida
Future directions of lung‐protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute Medicine & Surgery
ARDS
esophageal balloon
mechanical ventilation
PEEP
precision medicine
title Future directions of lung‐protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
title_full Future directions of lung‐protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
title_fullStr Future directions of lung‐protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Future directions of lung‐protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
title_short Future directions of lung‐protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
title_sort future directions of lung protective ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
topic ARDS
esophageal balloon
mechanical ventilation
PEEP
precision medicine
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.918
work_keys_str_mv AT taikihoshino futuredirectionsoflungprotectiveventilationstrategiesinacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome
AT takeshiyoshida futuredirectionsoflungprotectiveventilationstrategiesinacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome