One- or two-step? New insights into two-step hypothesis and rainbow-like theory for pitch class–color synesthesia
IntroductionThis study investigates the mechanisms underlying pitch class–color synesthesia, a cognitive trait in which musical pitches evoke color perceptions. Synesthesia in music particularly involves the association of pitch classes (e.g., do, re, and mi) with specific colors. A previous study i...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1482714/full |
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| Summary: | IntroductionThis study investigates the mechanisms underlying pitch class–color synesthesia, a cognitive trait in which musical pitches evoke color perceptions. Synesthesia in music particularly involves the association of pitch classes (e.g., do, re, and mi) with specific colors. A previous study introduced the two-step hypothesis, which suggests that pitch class identification precedes color association, and proposed a rainbow-like theory based on color gradients selected by synesthetes. The primary objective is to retest these theories to evaluate their generalizability in explaining pitch class–color synesthesia.MethodsWe employed a dual-task paradigm to assess the robustness of the two-step hypothesis and conducted qualitative interviews to explore the nature of synesthetic experiences.ResultsThe results indicated that the two-step hypothesis may not be always applicable, because it effectively accounts for only a subset of synesthetes. The presence of one-step synesthetes, who experience direct pitch-to-color associations without intermediate steps, implied a more varied synesthetic mechanism. Moreover, rainbow-like theory predominantly characterized two-step synesthetes, while one-step synesthetes exhibited distinct color perceptions. Furthermore, we found that the differentiation between two- and one-step synesthesia may be associated with the methods through which participants develop synesthetic associations.DiscussionThe findings highlighted the diversity of synesthetic experiences in pitch class-color synesthesia, which challenges the generalizability of the current theories and poses the need for a further nuanced understanding of this phenomenon. |
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| ISSN: | 1664-1078 |