Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications

Millimeter (mmWave) 5G phased arrays require multiple simultaneous features for reliable high data-rate communication. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve a true wideband operation for all parameters due to mutual coupling and grating lobe issues. A <inline-formula> <tex-ma...

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Main Authors: Haoran Zhang, Atif Shamim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10328756/
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author Haoran Zhang
Atif Shamim
author_facet Haoran Zhang
Atif Shamim
author_sort Haoran Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Millimeter (mmWave) 5G phased arrays require multiple simultaneous features for reliable high data-rate communication. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve a true wideband operation for all parameters due to mutual coupling and grating lobe issues. A <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-stacked patch rectangular phased array was designed and fabricated in a 15-layer low-temperature co-firing ceramic (LTCC) substrate. This work utilized multiple design strategies, such as employing stacked patch topology, electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures, and the rotation of elements to obtain a true wideband performance. The single element of the phased array was a dual linear polarized stacked patch antenna with notched corners. Compared to a standard patch antenna, the bandwidth was enhanced by 15.3&#x0025;. The undesired mutual coupling between elements was minimized by rotating nearby elements and introducing EBG structures between the adjacent elements. A wideband beamforming network composed of a Rotman lens and a 5-way Wilkinson power divider (WPD) was also designed and fabricated. The proposed phased array achieved 6 GHz of bandwidth, covering 24 to 30 GHz and achieving a maximum gain of 17.5 dBi and a wide beam-scanning range from&#x2013;50 to &#x002B;50 degrees. This work also introduced a figure of merit (FoM) based on all critical performance parameters for objective comparison with state-of-the-art designs. The proposed design achieved the highest FoM (0.451), whereas most similar 5G phased array designs achieved much lower FoM value.
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publisher IEEE
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spelling doaj-art-7a21323fa1ba4ba3ac6a52584806e7742024-11-23T00:02:34ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation2637-64312024-01-015114015210.1109/OJAP.2023.333676210328756Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G ApplicationsHaoran Zhang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-8641Atif Shamim1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4207-4740Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaComputer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaMillimeter (mmWave) 5G phased arrays require multiple simultaneous features for reliable high data-rate communication. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve a true wideband operation for all parameters due to mutual coupling and grating lobe issues. A <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-stacked patch rectangular phased array was designed and fabricated in a 15-layer low-temperature co-firing ceramic (LTCC) substrate. This work utilized multiple design strategies, such as employing stacked patch topology, electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures, and the rotation of elements to obtain a true wideband performance. The single element of the phased array was a dual linear polarized stacked patch antenna with notched corners. Compared to a standard patch antenna, the bandwidth was enhanced by 15.3&#x0025;. The undesired mutual coupling between elements was minimized by rotating nearby elements and introducing EBG structures between the adjacent elements. A wideband beamforming network composed of a Rotman lens and a 5-way Wilkinson power divider (WPD) was also designed and fabricated. The proposed phased array achieved 6 GHz of bandwidth, covering 24 to 30 GHz and achieving a maximum gain of 17.5 dBi and a wide beam-scanning range from&#x2013;50 to &#x002B;50 degrees. This work also introduced a figure of merit (FoM) based on all critical performance parameters for objective comparison with state-of-the-art designs. The proposed design achieved the highest FoM (0.451), whereas most similar 5G phased array designs achieved much lower FoM value.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10328756/Phased arraylow-temperature co-firing ceramicbeam scanningmillimeter 5G
spellingShingle Haoran Zhang
Atif Shamim
Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications
IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Phased array
low-temperature co-firing ceramic
beam scanning
millimeter 5G
title Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications
title_full Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications
title_fullStr Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications
title_full_unstemmed Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications
title_short Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications
title_sort wideband and wide beam scanning dual polarized phased array antenna in package design for 5g applications
topic Phased array
low-temperature co-firing ceramic
beam scanning
millimeter 5G
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10328756/
work_keys_str_mv AT haoranzhang widebandandwidebeamscanningdualpolarizedphasedarrayantennainpackagedesignfor5gapplications
AT atifshamim widebandandwidebeamscanningdualpolarizedphasedarrayantennainpackagedesignfor5gapplications