Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) response to abiotic stress

Abstract Background The CCT (CONSTANS, CONSTANS-LIKE and TOC1) gene family plays a crucial role in regulating diurnal rhythms and responding to abiotic stress, which significantly impacts crop growth, development, and yield. However, comprehensive information on the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbag...

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Main Authors: Haoqi Liu, Zhiyuan Yin, Mengping Qiu, Yan Yang, Ye Xu, Han Wang, Min Yan, Guohua Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Genomics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11768-7
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author Haoqi Liu
Zhiyuan Yin
Mengping Qiu
Yan Yang
Ye Xu
Han Wang
Min Yan
Guohua Xu
author_facet Haoqi Liu
Zhiyuan Yin
Mengping Qiu
Yan Yang
Ye Xu
Han Wang
Min Yan
Guohua Xu
author_sort Haoqi Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The CCT (CONSTANS, CONSTANS-LIKE and TOC1) gene family plays a crucial role in regulating diurnal rhythms and responding to abiotic stress, which significantly impacts crop growth, development, and yield. However, comprehensive information on the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) is currently unavailable. Results In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and analysis ofCCT genes in Chinese cabbage. In total, we identified 66 CCT genes in the Chinese cabbage genome, and we elucidated the physicochemical properties and subcellular locations of the corresponding CCT proteins. Phylogenetic analysis, examination of conserved motifs, and gene structure analysis revealed that the BraCCT gene family could be classified into three well-conserved subfamilies: COL, PRR, and CMF. The BraCCT gene family has close relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana. Sixty-three pairs of BraCCTs exhibited collinear relationships through interchromosomal synteny analysis in Brassica rapa, indicating that segmental duplication played a vital role in the expansion of the BraCCT gene family. Cis-acting elements of the CCT promoters have been identified to play a role in plant development, hormonal responses, and stress responses. Expression profile analysis showed that CCT genes were extensively expressed in various tissues of Chinese cabbage, exhibiting diverse expression patterns appeared to be diverse. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of ten CCT genes confirmed their response to heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, and abscisic acid stress. The full-length coding sequence of BraCCT24 was obtained using homologous cloning technology, and further investigation revealed that the BraCCT24 protein is located in the nucleus. Conclusions In this study, 66 CCT genes were identified in Brassica rapa, and their phylogenetic relationships, gene structural features, duplication events, gene expression, and potential roles in Brassica rapa development were investigated. Overall, this study offers a theoretical foundation for further investigating the significant role of the CCT gene family in the functional genome of Chinese cabbage.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2164
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-7a15638d9f2e4b7787be0b1fb0979f6f2025-08-20T04:01:24ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-07-0126112110.1186/s12864-025-11768-7Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) response to abiotic stressHaoqi Liu0Zhiyuan Yin1Mengping Qiu2Yan Yang3Ye Xu4Han Wang5Min Yan6Guohua Xu7Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Biofunctional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory for Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Biofunctional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory for Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Biofunctional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory for Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Biofunctional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory for Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Biofunctional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory for Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Biofunctional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory for Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Biofunctional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory for Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Biofunctional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityAbstract Background The CCT (CONSTANS, CONSTANS-LIKE and TOC1) gene family plays a crucial role in regulating diurnal rhythms and responding to abiotic stress, which significantly impacts crop growth, development, and yield. However, comprehensive information on the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) is currently unavailable. Results In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and analysis ofCCT genes in Chinese cabbage. In total, we identified 66 CCT genes in the Chinese cabbage genome, and we elucidated the physicochemical properties and subcellular locations of the corresponding CCT proteins. Phylogenetic analysis, examination of conserved motifs, and gene structure analysis revealed that the BraCCT gene family could be classified into three well-conserved subfamilies: COL, PRR, and CMF. The BraCCT gene family has close relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana. Sixty-three pairs of BraCCTs exhibited collinear relationships through interchromosomal synteny analysis in Brassica rapa, indicating that segmental duplication played a vital role in the expansion of the BraCCT gene family. Cis-acting elements of the CCT promoters have been identified to play a role in plant development, hormonal responses, and stress responses. Expression profile analysis showed that CCT genes were extensively expressed in various tissues of Chinese cabbage, exhibiting diverse expression patterns appeared to be diverse. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of ten CCT genes confirmed their response to heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, and abscisic acid stress. The full-length coding sequence of BraCCT24 was obtained using homologous cloning technology, and further investigation revealed that the BraCCT24 protein is located in the nucleus. Conclusions In this study, 66 CCT genes were identified in Brassica rapa, and their phylogenetic relationships, gene structural features, duplication events, gene expression, and potential roles in Brassica rapa development were investigated. Overall, this study offers a theoretical foundation for further investigating the significant role of the CCT gene family in the functional genome of Chinese cabbage.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11768-7CCT gene familyChinese cabbageSegmental duplicationAbiotic stressBraCCT24
spellingShingle Haoqi Liu
Zhiyuan Yin
Mengping Qiu
Yan Yang
Ye Xu
Han Wang
Min Yan
Guohua Xu
Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) response to abiotic stress
BMC Genomics
CCT gene family
Chinese cabbage
Segmental duplication
Abiotic stress
BraCCT24
title Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) response to abiotic stress
title_full Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) response to abiotic stress
title_fullStr Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) response to abiotic stress
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) response to abiotic stress
title_short Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CCT gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) response to abiotic stress
title_sort genome wide identification and characterization of the cct gene family in chinese cabbage brassica rapa response to abiotic stress
topic CCT gene family
Chinese cabbage
Segmental duplication
Abiotic stress
BraCCT24
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11768-7
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