Impact of Ad Libitum Hydration on Muscle and Liver Damage and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Trail Events: A Heatmap Analysis of Biomarkers and Event Characteristics—A Pilot Study

Impact of Ad Libitum Hydration on Muscle and Liver Damage and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Trail Events: A Heatmap Analysis of Biomarkers and Event Characteristics—A Pilot Study

Ultra-trail events (UTs) pose significant challenges to maintaining hydration and electrolyte balance, with risks of dehydration (DH), overhydration (OH), exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), and exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). This study examined the effects of ad libitum (ADL) hydration on hydr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alejandro García-Giménez, Francisco Pradas, Miguel Lecina, Nicolae Ochiana, Carlos Castellar-Otín
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Biology
Subjects:
hyponatremia
fluid imbalance
ultra-endurance
body weight loss
hydration strategies
exertional rhabdomyolysis
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/136
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