Elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome: Evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies

Background: Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) combined with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) poses a significant clinical challenge linked to oxidative stress, while elevated serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels may provide a protective effect. Methods: A two-phase study was conduc...

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Main Authors: Weibo Zhang, Hailing Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525001096
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author Weibo Zhang
Hailing Zhang
author_facet Weibo Zhang
Hailing Zhang
author_sort Weibo Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Background: Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) combined with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) poses a significant clinical challenge linked to oxidative stress, while elevated serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels may provide a protective effect. Methods: A two-phase study was conducted. First, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using three GSH-Px-associated SNPs (rs6993770, rs1097234, rs4149991) was performed to assess causality between genetically predicted GSH-Px activity and UGIH-ACS risk, leveraging public GWAS data. Second, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) enrolled UGIH-ACS patients (n = 110) to received oral selenium (200 μg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Comparisons were made with a UGIH-only control group (n = 78) and healthy controls (n = 83). Serum GSH-Px levels, 90-day mortality, rebleeding rates, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were analyzed. Results: MR analysis showed no significant causal link between GSH-Px activity and UGIH-ACS risk (IVW OR: 0.966, 95 % CI: 0.873–1.069, p = 0.502), but the weighted median method suggested a marginal protective trend (OR: 0.958, 95 % CI: 0.918–1.000, p = 0.048). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robust estimates with low heterogeneity. In the RCT, selenium supplementation significantly increased GSH-Px levels (+51.9 % vs. +6.0 %, p < 0.001), reduced 90-day rebleeding (12.0 % vs. 22.7 %, p = 0.014), and lowered MACE risk (9.1 % vs. 21.8 %, p = 0.042). Conclusion: While MR analysis found no strong causal link between GSH-Px activity and UGIH-ACS risk, the weighted median method indicated a marginal protective trend, underscoring GSH-Px's role in oxidative stress modulation. Selenium supplementation significantly increased GSH-Px activity (+51.9 %, p < 0.001), reduced rebleeding, and lowered MACE risk, supporting its potential as adjunctive therapy for UGIH-ACS and warranting further investigation into additional mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-76e318b3bac44c7897e3d51a3a258abd2025-08-24T05:15:25ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention2772-48752025-09-012620047110.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200471Elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome: Evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studiesWeibo Zhang0Hailing Zhang1Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Guangdong, 528031, ChinaCorresponding author.; Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Guangdong, 528031, ChinaBackground: Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) combined with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) poses a significant clinical challenge linked to oxidative stress, while elevated serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels may provide a protective effect. Methods: A two-phase study was conducted. First, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using three GSH-Px-associated SNPs (rs6993770, rs1097234, rs4149991) was performed to assess causality between genetically predicted GSH-Px activity and UGIH-ACS risk, leveraging public GWAS data. Second, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) enrolled UGIH-ACS patients (n = 110) to received oral selenium (200 μg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Comparisons were made with a UGIH-only control group (n = 78) and healthy controls (n = 83). Serum GSH-Px levels, 90-day mortality, rebleeding rates, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were analyzed. Results: MR analysis showed no significant causal link between GSH-Px activity and UGIH-ACS risk (IVW OR: 0.966, 95 % CI: 0.873–1.069, p = 0.502), but the weighted median method suggested a marginal protective trend (OR: 0.958, 95 % CI: 0.918–1.000, p = 0.048). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robust estimates with low heterogeneity. In the RCT, selenium supplementation significantly increased GSH-Px levels (+51.9 % vs. +6.0 %, p < 0.001), reduced 90-day rebleeding (12.0 % vs. 22.7 %, p = 0.014), and lowered MACE risk (9.1 % vs. 21.8 %, p = 0.042). Conclusion: While MR analysis found no strong causal link between GSH-Px activity and UGIH-ACS risk, the weighted median method indicated a marginal protective trend, underscoring GSH-Px's role in oxidative stress modulation. Selenium supplementation significantly increased GSH-Px activity (+51.9 %, p < 0.001), reduced rebleeding, and lowered MACE risk, supporting its potential as adjunctive therapy for UGIH-ACS and warranting further investigation into additional mechanisms.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525001096Glutathione peroxidaseAcute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhageAcute coronary syndromeMendelian randomizationSelenium supplementation
spellingShingle Weibo Zhang
Hailing Zhang
Elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome: Evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies
International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
Glutathione peroxidase
Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Acute coronary syndrome
Mendelian randomization
Selenium supplementation
title Elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome: Evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies
title_full Elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome: Evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies
title_fullStr Elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome: Evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies
title_full_unstemmed Elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome: Evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies
title_short Elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome: Evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies
title_sort elevated serum glutathione peroxidase levels reducing the risk of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding combined with acute coronary syndrome evidence from observational interventional and mendelian randomization studies
topic Glutathione peroxidase
Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Acute coronary syndrome
Mendelian randomization
Selenium supplementation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525001096
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AT hailingzhang elevatedserumglutathioneperoxidaselevelsreducingtheriskofacuteuppergastrointestinalbleedingcombinedwithacutecoronarysyndromeevidencefromobservationalinterventionalandmendelianrandomizationstudies