The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial

<b>Background:</b> Combining pool-based and resistance workouts, both in the pool and on dry land, is a valuable approach to enhancing swimming performance. However, few investigations have been conducted on this topic. Through a randomized controlled trial study, we investigated the eff...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xitong Liu, Radomyos Matjiur, Wirat Sonchan, Sukanya Charoenwattana, Phornpot Chainok, Ana Gay, Niromlee Makaje, Rodrigo Zacca
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Physiologia
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9488/4/4/31
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846103147260411904
author Xitong Liu
Radomyos Matjiur
Wirat Sonchan
Sukanya Charoenwattana
Phornpot Chainok
Ana Gay
Niromlee Makaje
Rodrigo Zacca
author_facet Xitong Liu
Radomyos Matjiur
Wirat Sonchan
Sukanya Charoenwattana
Phornpot Chainok
Ana Gay
Niromlee Makaje
Rodrigo Zacca
author_sort Xitong Liu
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Combining pool-based and resistance workouts, both in the pool and on dry land, is a valuable approach to enhancing swimming performance. However, few investigations have been conducted on this topic. Through a randomized controlled trial study, we investigated the effects of a 10-week concurrent resistance training program, which integrated resistance workouts both in the pool and on dry land on tethered force, lower limbs strength, anaerobic critical velocity, and swimming performance, in regional age-group breaststroke swimmers. <b>Methods:</b> Regional age-group swimmers (N = 24, males) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG: 15.1 ± 0.5 years old) performed combined pool-based + resistance workouts, both in the pool and on dry land. The control group (CG: 15.1 ± 0.7 years old) performed their usual training regime, i.e., pool-based + resistance workouts on dry land only. The tethered swimming force, muscular strength, anaerobic critical velocity, and swimming performance and technique of the swimmers were evaluated before the training program began and after 10 weeks. <b>Results:</b> Improvements were observed in the EG vs. the CG in terms of the mean force (30.04%, <i>p</i> = 0.02; d = 0.75), one-repetition maximum back squat (20.57%, <i>p</i> = 0.01; d = 2.05), maximal force (19.23%, <i>p</i> = 0.03; d = 0.69), and anaerobic critical velocity (4.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.04; d = 0.61). The 50 and 200 m breaststroke performance times improved (4.3 and 5.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.01, d = 0.88–0.92, respectively) after 10 weeks. <b>Conclusions:</b> With the increasing demands of contemporary swimming competitions, which often include heats, semifinals, and finals, achieving optimal physical fitness to compete at an elite level, in every round, is vital for swimmers. The combination of resistance training workouts both in the pool and on dry land seems to enhance swimming performance in age-group swimmers, particularly in sprint to middle-distance breaststroke swimmers.
format Article
id doaj-art-7627ca77c87e427d8f7d481fb45a53b4
institution Kabale University
issn 2673-9488
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Physiologia
spelling doaj-art-7627ca77c87e427d8f7d481fb45a53b42024-12-27T14:47:35ZengMDPI AGPhysiologia2673-94882024-12-014445446410.3390/physiologia4040031The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled TrialXitong Liu0Radomyos Matjiur1Wirat Sonchan2Sukanya Charoenwattana3Phornpot Chainok4Ana Gay5Niromlee Makaje6Rodrigo Zacca7Faculty of Sports Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20130, ThailandFaculty of Sports Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20130, ThailandFaculty of Sports Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20130, ThailandFaculty of Sports Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20130, ThailandFaculty of Sports Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20130, ThailandAquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainFaculty of Sports and Health Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandResearch Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal<b>Background:</b> Combining pool-based and resistance workouts, both in the pool and on dry land, is a valuable approach to enhancing swimming performance. However, few investigations have been conducted on this topic. Through a randomized controlled trial study, we investigated the effects of a 10-week concurrent resistance training program, which integrated resistance workouts both in the pool and on dry land on tethered force, lower limbs strength, anaerobic critical velocity, and swimming performance, in regional age-group breaststroke swimmers. <b>Methods:</b> Regional age-group swimmers (N = 24, males) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG: 15.1 ± 0.5 years old) performed combined pool-based + resistance workouts, both in the pool and on dry land. The control group (CG: 15.1 ± 0.7 years old) performed their usual training regime, i.e., pool-based + resistance workouts on dry land only. The tethered swimming force, muscular strength, anaerobic critical velocity, and swimming performance and technique of the swimmers were evaluated before the training program began and after 10 weeks. <b>Results:</b> Improvements were observed in the EG vs. the CG in terms of the mean force (30.04%, <i>p</i> = 0.02; d = 0.75), one-repetition maximum back squat (20.57%, <i>p</i> = 0.01; d = 2.05), maximal force (19.23%, <i>p</i> = 0.03; d = 0.69), and anaerobic critical velocity (4.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.04; d = 0.61). The 50 and 200 m breaststroke performance times improved (4.3 and 5.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.01, d = 0.88–0.92, respectively) after 10 weeks. <b>Conclusions:</b> With the increasing demands of contemporary swimming competitions, which often include heats, semifinals, and finals, achieving optimal physical fitness to compete at an elite level, in every round, is vital for swimmers. The combination of resistance training workouts both in the pool and on dry land seems to enhance swimming performance in age-group swimmers, particularly in sprint to middle-distance breaststroke swimmers.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9488/4/4/31exercise physiologyphysical fitnesstraining processsports trainingswimmingtraining load
spellingShingle Xitong Liu
Radomyos Matjiur
Wirat Sonchan
Sukanya Charoenwattana
Phornpot Chainok
Ana Gay
Niromlee Makaje
Rodrigo Zacca
The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Physiologia
exercise physiology
physical fitness
training process
sports training
swimming
training load
title The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity, and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort effect of concurrent resistance training on tethered force lower limbs strength anaerobic critical velocity and swimming performance a randomized controlled trial
topic exercise physiology
physical fitness
training process
sports training
swimming
training load
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9488/4/4/31
work_keys_str_mv AT xitongliu theeffectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT radomyosmatjiur theeffectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT wiratsonchan theeffectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT sukanyacharoenwattana theeffectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT phornpotchainok theeffectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT anagay theeffectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT niromleemakaje theeffectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT rodrigozacca theeffectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT xitongliu effectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT radomyosmatjiur effectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT wiratsonchan effectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT sukanyacharoenwattana effectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT phornpotchainok effectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT anagay effectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT niromleemakaje effectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT rodrigozacca effectofconcurrentresistancetrainingontetheredforcelowerlimbsstrengthanaerobiccriticalvelocityandswimmingperformancearandomizedcontrolledtrial