Stage of lactation, parity, breed, milk composition, and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milk
ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to (1) characterize sheep milk for nonenzymatic antioxidant activity via 2 different assays, namely the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and (2) investigate the effect of milk composition and animal-...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011755 |
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| author | Giorgia Stocco Claudio Cipolat-Gotet Stefano Biffani Michela Ablondi Alessio Negro Andrea Summer Panagiota Kyriakaki Alexandros Mavrommatis Eleni Tsiplakou |
| author_facet | Giorgia Stocco Claudio Cipolat-Gotet Stefano Biffani Michela Ablondi Alessio Negro Andrea Summer Panagiota Kyriakaki Alexandros Mavrommatis Eleni Tsiplakou |
| author_sort | Giorgia Stocco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to (1) characterize sheep milk for nonenzymatic antioxidant activity via 2 different assays, namely the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and (2) investigate the effect of milk composition and animal-related parameters on these 2 assays by using the generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) approach. A total of 740 ewes belonging to the Massese and Comisana breeds were sampled once during the morning milking across 11 sampling sessions. All milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, CN, and lactose, SCS, and minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl). The FRAP and DPPH assays were tested to measure the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of milk, expressed as micromolar equivalents (μM Eq) of ascorbic acid/mL of milk and percent of inhibition, respectively. The GAMM model included the effect of parity and breed as parametric terms, and the effect of DIM, milk yield, and the interactions protein × fat, CN × SCS, Ca × Mg, and Na × Cl as smooth terms. The sampling day was included in the model as a random effect. Results revealed that the nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity of sheep milk, expressed as FRAP, was affected by DIM, potentially because of changes in milk composition over time. Conversely, parity and breed of ewes affected DPPH, suggesting that age- and breed-specific factors are related to specific components in milk acting as hydrogen donors. Milk fat and high CN percentages were found to significantly affect FRAP, and protein content was crucial for high DPPH levels. Additionally, Ca and Mg emerged as important nonenzymatic antioxidants for both FRAP and DPPH, highlighting their important role in antioxidant activity of sheep milk. In contrast, combinations of Na and Cl were particularly influential for FRAP, revealing the complex relationship between these minerals and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of milk. These findings offer valuable insights into the factors affecting the antioxidative properties of sheep milk, highlighting the need for further exploration of other nonenzymatic antioxidants and their contribution to the total antioxidant activity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-750c50dd72ef4f4fa32b5a317d9c8e12 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-750c50dd72ef4f4fa32b5a317d9c8e122024-11-29T06:22:35ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022024-12-01107121036110372Stage of lactation, parity, breed, milk composition, and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milkGiorgia Stocco0Claudio Cipolat-Gotet1Stefano Biffani2Michela Ablondi3Alessio Negro4Andrea Summer5Panagiota Kyriakaki6Alexandros Mavrommatis7Eleni Tsiplakou8Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyInstitute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy; Corresponding authorDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyUfficio Studi, Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, 00187 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, GreeceABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to (1) characterize sheep milk for nonenzymatic antioxidant activity via 2 different assays, namely the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and (2) investigate the effect of milk composition and animal-related parameters on these 2 assays by using the generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) approach. A total of 740 ewes belonging to the Massese and Comisana breeds were sampled once during the morning milking across 11 sampling sessions. All milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, CN, and lactose, SCS, and minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl). The FRAP and DPPH assays were tested to measure the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of milk, expressed as micromolar equivalents (μM Eq) of ascorbic acid/mL of milk and percent of inhibition, respectively. The GAMM model included the effect of parity and breed as parametric terms, and the effect of DIM, milk yield, and the interactions protein × fat, CN × SCS, Ca × Mg, and Na × Cl as smooth terms. The sampling day was included in the model as a random effect. Results revealed that the nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity of sheep milk, expressed as FRAP, was affected by DIM, potentially because of changes in milk composition over time. Conversely, parity and breed of ewes affected DPPH, suggesting that age- and breed-specific factors are related to specific components in milk acting as hydrogen donors. Milk fat and high CN percentages were found to significantly affect FRAP, and protein content was crucial for high DPPH levels. Additionally, Ca and Mg emerged as important nonenzymatic antioxidants for both FRAP and DPPH, highlighting their important role in antioxidant activity of sheep milk. In contrast, combinations of Na and Cl were particularly influential for FRAP, revealing the complex relationship between these minerals and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of milk. These findings offer valuable insights into the factors affecting the antioxidative properties of sheep milk, highlighting the need for further exploration of other nonenzymatic antioxidants and their contribution to the total antioxidant activity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011755FRAPDPPHsheep milkmineralsGAMM |
| spellingShingle | Giorgia Stocco Claudio Cipolat-Gotet Stefano Biffani Michela Ablondi Alessio Negro Andrea Summer Panagiota Kyriakaki Alexandros Mavrommatis Eleni Tsiplakou Stage of lactation, parity, breed, milk composition, and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milk Journal of Dairy Science FRAP DPPH sheep milk minerals GAMM |
| title | Stage of lactation, parity, breed, milk composition, and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milk |
| title_full | Stage of lactation, parity, breed, milk composition, and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milk |
| title_fullStr | Stage of lactation, parity, breed, milk composition, and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stage of lactation, parity, breed, milk composition, and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milk |
| title_short | Stage of lactation, parity, breed, milk composition, and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milk |
| title_sort | stage of lactation parity breed milk composition and minerals affect the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of sheep milk |
| topic | FRAP DPPH sheep milk minerals GAMM |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011755 |
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