On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable method

Thanks to their intrinsic flexibility, energy efficiency and high portability, soft piezoelectric thin films represent the most effective technological approach for wearable devices to monitor health conditions. In order to improve effectiveness and applicability, more and more innovative and high-p...

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Main Authors: Gaia de Marzo, Luca Fachechi, Valentina Antonaci, Vincenzo Mariano Mastronardi, Luigi Portaluri, Maria Teresa Todaro, Luciana Algieri, Antonio Qualtieri, Francesco Rizzi, Michele Scaraggi, Massimo De Vittorio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524007743
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author Gaia de Marzo
Luca Fachechi
Valentina Antonaci
Vincenzo Mariano Mastronardi
Luigi Portaluri
Maria Teresa Todaro
Luciana Algieri
Antonio Qualtieri
Francesco Rizzi
Michele Scaraggi
Massimo De Vittorio
author_facet Gaia de Marzo
Luca Fachechi
Valentina Antonaci
Vincenzo Mariano Mastronardi
Luigi Portaluri
Maria Teresa Todaro
Luciana Algieri
Antonio Qualtieri
Francesco Rizzi
Michele Scaraggi
Massimo De Vittorio
author_sort Gaia de Marzo
collection DOAJ
description Thanks to their intrinsic flexibility, energy efficiency and high portability, soft piezoelectric thin films represent the most effective technological approach for wearable devices to monitor health conditions. In order to improve effectiveness and applicability, more and more innovative and high-performing soft piezoelectric materials are being developed and benchmarked through their piezoelectric d33 coefficient. However, most existing methods to measure the d33 were developed for ceramic or bulk materials and cannot be applied to soft materials because high force/pressure can deform and damage the material structure. This work introduces a simple, effective, and fast method to accurately measure the d33 of soft and thin piezoelectric films by applying weak sinusoidal forces to avoid any damage to the sample, and simultaneously measuring the charges produced by the direct piezoelectric effect. The approach is versatile as it can be used for different types of materials and sizes of the active area. This method represents an effective solution to speed up the process of material optimization, paving the way for the rapid development of novel wearable piezoelectric devices.
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issn 0264-1275
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publisher Elsevier
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series Materials & Design
spelling doaj-art-74d8f75ffe414312b936966a0a9dfac52024-12-05T05:19:10ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752024-11-01247113399On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable methodGaia de Marzo0Luca Fachechi1Valentina Antonaci2Vincenzo Mariano Mastronardi3Luigi Portaluri4Maria Teresa Todaro5Luciana Algieri6Antonio Qualtieri7Francesco Rizzi8Michele Scaraggi9Massimo De Vittorio10Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy; Corresponding authors at: Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy (G. de Marzo; L. Fachechi).Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy; Corresponding authors at: Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy (G. de Marzo; L. Fachechi).Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy; Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, ItalyCenter for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy; Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, ItalyCenter for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy; Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, ItalyCenter for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy; Institute of Nanotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lecce 73100, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, ItalyCenter for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, ItalyCenter for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, ItalyCenter for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy; Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UKCenter for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, LE 73010, Italy; Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, ItalyThanks to their intrinsic flexibility, energy efficiency and high portability, soft piezoelectric thin films represent the most effective technological approach for wearable devices to monitor health conditions. In order to improve effectiveness and applicability, more and more innovative and high-performing soft piezoelectric materials are being developed and benchmarked through their piezoelectric d33 coefficient. However, most existing methods to measure the d33 were developed for ceramic or bulk materials and cannot be applied to soft materials because high force/pressure can deform and damage the material structure. This work introduces a simple, effective, and fast method to accurately measure the d33 of soft and thin piezoelectric films by applying weak sinusoidal forces to avoid any damage to the sample, and simultaneously measuring the charges produced by the direct piezoelectric effect. The approach is versatile as it can be used for different types of materials and sizes of the active area. This method represents an effective solution to speed up the process of material optimization, paving the way for the rapid development of novel wearable piezoelectric devices.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524007743PiezoelectricSoftThin filmsCoefficientsd33Weak loads
spellingShingle Gaia de Marzo
Luca Fachechi
Valentina Antonaci
Vincenzo Mariano Mastronardi
Luigi Portaluri
Maria Teresa Todaro
Luciana Algieri
Antonio Qualtieri
Francesco Rizzi
Michele Scaraggi
Massimo De Vittorio
On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable method
Materials & Design
Piezoelectric
Soft
Thin films
Coefficients
d33
Weak loads
title On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable method
title_full On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable method
title_fullStr On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable method
title_full_unstemmed On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable method
title_short On the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads: A rapid and affordable method
title_sort on the measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of soft thin films under weak mechanical loads a rapid and affordable method
topic Piezoelectric
Soft
Thin films
Coefficients
d33
Weak loads
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524007743
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