Revealing Relationship Between In Situ Impedance and Lithium Plating Onset Based on Lithium–Graphite Half-Cells

Lithium plating may occur during charging, especially at high rates or overcharging conditions for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which would cause battery capacity degradation and even trigger thermal runaway. Thus, it is essential to detect lithium plating onset during the charging processes. Elect...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhao Jiang, Jiangwei Wang, Haiwei Li, Bingyin Luo, Wentao Wu, Xueyuan Wang, Haifeng Dai, Jianjun Jiang, Xuezhe Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/12/410
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846105856509214720
author Zhao Jiang
Jiangwei Wang
Haiwei Li
Bingyin Luo
Wentao Wu
Xueyuan Wang
Haifeng Dai
Jianjun Jiang
Xuezhe Wei
author_facet Zhao Jiang
Jiangwei Wang
Haiwei Li
Bingyin Luo
Wentao Wu
Xueyuan Wang
Haifeng Dai
Jianjun Jiang
Xuezhe Wei
author_sort Zhao Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Lithium plating may occur during charging, especially at high rates or overcharging conditions for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which would cause battery capacity degradation and even trigger thermal runaway. Thus, it is essential to detect lithium plating onset during the charging processes. Electrochemical impedance can reveal the dynamic electrode properties of the battery, which is promising for use in battery management systems for the online detection of lithium plating onset. In this article, the impedance at 1 Hz is measured during the over-discharge and fast discharge processes using lithium–graphite half-cells. For half-cells, the variation in graphite electrode potential vs. Li/Li<sup>+</sup> during discharging is directly recorded. An equivalent circuit model is proposed and adopted to estimate the real lithium plating reaction overpotential, which is deemed the thermodynamic indicator of lithium plating and is used as validation for the detection of lithium plating onset. Through the auxiliary validation of the estimation of lithium plating overpotential and the shape of incremental capacity curves, the relationship between impedance changes at specific frequency and the lithium plating onset is revealed. The results lay a good foundation for proposing the online diagnostic method of lithium plating onset based on the in situ impedance.
format Article
id doaj-art-74bb9787a762441c8c01acf4c2ebe6a9
institution Kabale University
issn 2313-0105
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Batteries
spelling doaj-art-74bb9787a762441c8c01acf4c2ebe6a92024-12-27T14:10:35ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052024-11-01101241010.3390/batteries10120410Revealing Relationship Between In Situ Impedance and Lithium Plating Onset Based on Lithium–Graphite Half-CellsZhao Jiang0Jiangwei Wang1Haiwei Li2Bingyin Luo3Wentao Wu4Xueyuan Wang5Haifeng Dai6Jianjun Jiang7Xuezhe Wei8School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaSchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaNingbo Joyson Advanced Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315040, ChinaIntegrated Circuit R&D Center, ICBG China Resources Microelectronics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200072, ChinaSchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaSchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaSchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaSchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaLithium plating may occur during charging, especially at high rates or overcharging conditions for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which would cause battery capacity degradation and even trigger thermal runaway. Thus, it is essential to detect lithium plating onset during the charging processes. Electrochemical impedance can reveal the dynamic electrode properties of the battery, which is promising for use in battery management systems for the online detection of lithium plating onset. In this article, the impedance at 1 Hz is measured during the over-discharge and fast discharge processes using lithium–graphite half-cells. For half-cells, the variation in graphite electrode potential vs. Li/Li<sup>+</sup> during discharging is directly recorded. An equivalent circuit model is proposed and adopted to estimate the real lithium plating reaction overpotential, which is deemed the thermodynamic indicator of lithium plating and is used as validation for the detection of lithium plating onset. Through the auxiliary validation of the estimation of lithium plating overpotential and the shape of incremental capacity curves, the relationship between impedance changes at specific frequency and the lithium plating onset is revealed. The results lay a good foundation for proposing the online diagnostic method of lithium plating onset based on the in situ impedance.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/12/410lithium-ion batteriesimpedancelithium platingdiagnosis
spellingShingle Zhao Jiang
Jiangwei Wang
Haiwei Li
Bingyin Luo
Wentao Wu
Xueyuan Wang
Haifeng Dai
Jianjun Jiang
Xuezhe Wei
Revealing Relationship Between In Situ Impedance and Lithium Plating Onset Based on Lithium–Graphite Half-Cells
Batteries
lithium-ion batteries
impedance
lithium plating
diagnosis
title Revealing Relationship Between In Situ Impedance and Lithium Plating Onset Based on Lithium–Graphite Half-Cells
title_full Revealing Relationship Between In Situ Impedance and Lithium Plating Onset Based on Lithium–Graphite Half-Cells
title_fullStr Revealing Relationship Between In Situ Impedance and Lithium Plating Onset Based on Lithium–Graphite Half-Cells
title_full_unstemmed Revealing Relationship Between In Situ Impedance and Lithium Plating Onset Based on Lithium–Graphite Half-Cells
title_short Revealing Relationship Between In Situ Impedance and Lithium Plating Onset Based on Lithium–Graphite Half-Cells
title_sort revealing relationship between in situ impedance and lithium plating onset based on lithium graphite half cells
topic lithium-ion batteries
impedance
lithium plating
diagnosis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/12/410
work_keys_str_mv AT zhaojiang revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells
AT jiangweiwang revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells
AT haiweili revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells
AT bingyinluo revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells
AT wentaowu revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells
AT xueyuanwang revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells
AT haifengdai revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells
AT jianjunjiang revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells
AT xuezhewei revealingrelationshipbetweeninsituimpedanceandlithiumplatingonsetbasedonlithiumgraphitehalfcells