Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L

The aim of this research was to show that the absorption of divalent cadmium ions (Cd2+) in Theobroma cacao L. seedlings can be controlled and adjusted by remediation with maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., leading to the low tolerance limits established by the European Union (EU) in 201...

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Main Authors: Mayra A. Arias-Contreras, Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman, Enrique Arévalo-Gardini, Cesar O. Arévalo-Hernández, Edson C. Passamani, Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003326
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author Mayra A. Arias-Contreras
Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman
Enrique Arévalo-Gardini
Cesar O. Arévalo-Hernández
Edson C. Passamani
Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
author_facet Mayra A. Arias-Contreras
Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman
Enrique Arévalo-Gardini
Cesar O. Arévalo-Hernández
Edson C. Passamani
Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
author_sort Mayra A. Arias-Contreras
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this research was to show that the absorption of divalent cadmium ions (Cd2+) in Theobroma cacao L. seedlings can be controlled and adjusted by remediation with maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., leading to the low tolerance limits established by the European Union (EU) in 2014 for Cd in products made from cocoa. The research had two stages; the first one involved the medium scale synthesis of 92 g of 15 nm γ-Fe2O3 NPs via room temperature chemical co-precipitation of ferrous salts and their characterizations using diverse physicochemical techniques. In the second stage, and for the first time, three doses of these γ-Fe2O3 NPs (1, 2, and 4 g) were applied to the substrate of cocoa seedlings of genotypes ICS 39, ICS 95, and CCN 51 for three months of exposure. A morphological analysis revealed non-significant toxic effects on the seedlings’ height, leaf area, and stem diameter among the genotypes and tested doses. The results of the atomic absorption analysis of the treatment with 4 g of γ-Fe2O3 NPs showed a concentration of 0.10 mg kg−1 of Cd2+, a limit lower than the control and the recommended value by the 2014 EU regulation. Thus, the transport and/or absorption of the Cd2+ toxic metal were significantly inhibited, since up to 74 % of Cd2+ uptake in the genotype ICS 95 was experimentally observed. Also, the environmental Fe-dynamics in the seedlings and soils demonstrated no transport of γ-Fe2O3 NPs to the seedlings. Thus, the study found that the Cd2+ adsorption in remediated soil using γ-Fe2O3 NPs involves three steps: electrostatic exchange, Fe-oxide adsorption, and substrate-γ-Fe2O3 NPs complexation and precipitation.
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spelling doaj-art-73fde671d86145a99eee57a6e4c72c462024-12-16T05:37:15ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432024-12-0118101295Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao LMayra A. Arias-Contreras0Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman1Enrique Arévalo-Gardini2Cesar O. Arévalo-Hernández3Edson C. Passamani4Juan A. Ramos-Guivar5Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima, 15081, PeruCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, BrazilInstituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT) Av. Ahuashiyacu S/N CDRA, 16 Sector Laguna Venecia, San Martín, Peru; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas (UNAAA), Prolongación Libertad 1220, 1228 -Yurimaguas, Alto Amazonas, Loreto, PeruInstituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT) Av. Ahuashiyacu S/N CDRA, 16 Sector Laguna Venecia, San Martín, Peru; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas (UNAAA), Prolongación Libertad 1220, 1228 -Yurimaguas, Alto Amazonas, Loreto, PeruDepartamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo -UFES, Vitória, 29075-910, ES, BrazilGrupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima, 15081, Peru; Corresponding author.The aim of this research was to show that the absorption of divalent cadmium ions (Cd2+) in Theobroma cacao L. seedlings can be controlled and adjusted by remediation with maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., leading to the low tolerance limits established by the European Union (EU) in 2014 for Cd in products made from cocoa. The research had two stages; the first one involved the medium scale synthesis of 92 g of 15 nm γ-Fe2O3 NPs via room temperature chemical co-precipitation of ferrous salts and their characterizations using diverse physicochemical techniques. In the second stage, and for the first time, three doses of these γ-Fe2O3 NPs (1, 2, and 4 g) were applied to the substrate of cocoa seedlings of genotypes ICS 39, ICS 95, and CCN 51 for three months of exposure. A morphological analysis revealed non-significant toxic effects on the seedlings’ height, leaf area, and stem diameter among the genotypes and tested doses. The results of the atomic absorption analysis of the treatment with 4 g of γ-Fe2O3 NPs showed a concentration of 0.10 mg kg−1 of Cd2+, a limit lower than the control and the recommended value by the 2014 EU regulation. Thus, the transport and/or absorption of the Cd2+ toxic metal were significantly inhibited, since up to 74 % of Cd2+ uptake in the genotype ICS 95 was experimentally observed. Also, the environmental Fe-dynamics in the seedlings and soils demonstrated no transport of γ-Fe2O3 NPs to the seedlings. Thus, the study found that the Cd2+ adsorption in remediated soil using γ-Fe2O3 NPs involves three steps: electrostatic exchange, Fe-oxide adsorption, and substrate-γ-Fe2O3 NPs complexation and precipitation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003326Cd soil remediationSoil sustainabilityTheobroma cacao L. preservationNanoparticles scalabilitySoil nano-remediation
spellingShingle Mayra A. Arias-Contreras
Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman
Enrique Arévalo-Gardini
Cesar O. Arévalo-Hernández
Edson C. Passamani
Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Cd soil remediation
Soil sustainability
Theobroma cacao L. preservation
Nanoparticles scalability
Soil nano-remediation
title Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L
title_full Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L
title_fullStr Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L
title_full_unstemmed Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L
title_short Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L
title_sort medium scale up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of theobroma cacao l
topic Cd soil remediation
Soil sustainability
Theobroma cacao L. preservation
Nanoparticles scalability
Soil nano-remediation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003326
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