The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series
Abstract Objective In this pilot study a binaural pulse modulator was tested to see if it leads to a change in self-reported measures of distress. This binaural pulse modulator produces two frequencies that combine to create a binaural pulse to stimulate the nervous system through a differential aud...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medical Case Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04888-3 |
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| author | Gerry Leisman Joseph Wallach Yanin Machado-Ferrer Mauricio Chinchilla-Acosta Abraham Gérard Meyer Robert Lebovits Scott Donkin |
| author_facet | Gerry Leisman Joseph Wallach Yanin Machado-Ferrer Mauricio Chinchilla-Acosta Abraham Gérard Meyer Robert Lebovits Scott Donkin |
| author_sort | Gerry Leisman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective In this pilot study a binaural pulse modulator was tested to see if it leads to a change in self-reported measures of distress. This binaural pulse modulator produces two frequencies that combine to create a binaural pulse to stimulate the nervous system through a differential auditory tone presentation and the response of the user can be adjusted to the appropriate target tone for effective treatment use. Each individual calibrated the binaural pulse to increase the level of emotion experienced while imagining an experience with a similar emotional valence or while engaged in a cognitive function while also listening to the sound. “Treatment” is based on the client’s control of the binaural pulses to achieve the desired state. Training focuses on specific aspects of their psychological difficulties while listening to an auditory tone, turning a knob until the sound becomes uncomfortable. Finally, another knob is turned to cancel out the uncomfortable noise which appears to be associated with a reduction in distress. Case presentations Four adult Hispanic participants (three females and one male) were studied with self-reported measures of distress (generalized anxiety disorder 7, Coronavirus Disease Stress Scale, posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and Beck depression scale II) were completed at screening, before treatment, after treatment, 4-weeks post-treatment, and 12-weeks post-treatment. Quantitative electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging were also performed before and after treatment. Results Preliminary findings indicated that at the end of treatment with binaural pulse modulator there were reported reductions in self-reported levels of distress. Quantitative electroencephalogram as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging changes in brain state were also noted when comparing pre- to post-treatment. Conclusions: binaural pulse modulator use appears to result in temporary changes in self-reported levels of distress during treatment. Limitations of the study are reviewed and directions for further research are offered. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-72efc538ca6f4eb78683da6086760fd5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1752-1947 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Medical Case Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-72efc538ca6f4eb78683da6086760fd52024-12-01T12:27:45ZengBMCJournal of Medical Case Reports1752-19472024-11-0118111110.1186/s13256-024-04888-3The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case seriesGerry Leisman0Joseph Wallach1Yanin Machado-Ferrer2Mauricio Chinchilla-Acosta3Abraham Gérard Meyer4Robert Lebovits5Scott Donkin6Movement and Cognition Laboratory, University of HaifaMaccabi Health System and Private Practice of PsychologyDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurologia y NeurocirugiaDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurologia y NeurocirugiaMental Wellness Society InternationalPrivate Practice of PsychologyMind, Movement and Mood Wellness Centers, Movement DepartmentAbstract Objective In this pilot study a binaural pulse modulator was tested to see if it leads to a change in self-reported measures of distress. This binaural pulse modulator produces two frequencies that combine to create a binaural pulse to stimulate the nervous system through a differential auditory tone presentation and the response of the user can be adjusted to the appropriate target tone for effective treatment use. Each individual calibrated the binaural pulse to increase the level of emotion experienced while imagining an experience with a similar emotional valence or while engaged in a cognitive function while also listening to the sound. “Treatment” is based on the client’s control of the binaural pulses to achieve the desired state. Training focuses on specific aspects of their psychological difficulties while listening to an auditory tone, turning a knob until the sound becomes uncomfortable. Finally, another knob is turned to cancel out the uncomfortable noise which appears to be associated with a reduction in distress. Case presentations Four adult Hispanic participants (three females and one male) were studied with self-reported measures of distress (generalized anxiety disorder 7, Coronavirus Disease Stress Scale, posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and Beck depression scale II) were completed at screening, before treatment, after treatment, 4-weeks post-treatment, and 12-weeks post-treatment. Quantitative electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging were also performed before and after treatment. Results Preliminary findings indicated that at the end of treatment with binaural pulse modulator there were reported reductions in self-reported levels of distress. Quantitative electroencephalogram as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging changes in brain state were also noted when comparing pre- to post-treatment. Conclusions: binaural pulse modulator use appears to result in temporary changes in self-reported levels of distress during treatment. Limitations of the study are reviewed and directions for further research are offered.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04888-3Binaural pulse modulationNeurofeedbackAnxietyDepressionDistressStress |
| spellingShingle | Gerry Leisman Joseph Wallach Yanin Machado-Ferrer Mauricio Chinchilla-Acosta Abraham Gérard Meyer Robert Lebovits Scott Donkin The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series Journal of Medical Case Reports Binaural pulse modulation Neurofeedback Anxiety Depression Distress Stress |
| title | The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series |
| title_full | The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series |
| title_fullStr | The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series |
| title_short | The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series |
| title_sort | effect of binaural pulse modulation b p m on brain state in depression and anxiety a case series |
| topic | Binaural pulse modulation Neurofeedback Anxiety Depression Distress Stress |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04888-3 |
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