Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable Exoskeletons

The recent advancements in wearable exoskeletons have highlighted their effectiveness in assisting humans for both rehabilitation and augmentation purposes. These devices interact with the user; therefore, their actuators and power transmission mechanisms are crucial for enhancing physical human–rob...

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Main Authors: Riccardo Bezzini, Giulia Bassani, Carlo Alberto Avizzano, Alessandro Filippeschi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Robotics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/13/11/168
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author Riccardo Bezzini
Giulia Bassani
Carlo Alberto Avizzano
Alessandro Filippeschi
author_facet Riccardo Bezzini
Giulia Bassani
Carlo Alberto Avizzano
Alessandro Filippeschi
author_sort Riccardo Bezzini
collection DOAJ
description The recent advancements in wearable exoskeletons have highlighted their effectiveness in assisting humans for both rehabilitation and augmentation purposes. These devices interact with the user; therefore, their actuators and power transmission mechanisms are crucial for enhancing physical human–robot interaction (pHRI). The advanced progression of 3D printing technology as a valuable method for creating lightweight and efficient gearboxes enables the exploration of multiple reducer designs. However, to the authors’ knowledge, only sporadic implementations with relatively low reduction ratios have been reported, and the respective experimental validations usually vary, preventing a comprehensive evaluation of different design and implementation choices. In this paper, we design, develop, and examine experimentally multiple 3D-printed gearboxes conceived for wearable assistive devices. Two relevant transmission ratios (1:30 and 1:80) and multiple designs, which include single- and double-stage compact cam cycloidal drives, compound planetary gearboxes, and cycloidal and planetary architectures, are compared to assess the worth of 3D-printed reducers in human–robot interaction applications. The resulting prototypes were examined by evaluating their weight, cost, backdrivability, friction, regularity of the reduction ratio, gear play, and stiffness. The results show that the developed gearboxes represent valuable alternatives for actuating wearable exoskeletons in multiple applications.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2218-6581
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Robotics
spelling doaj-art-6fdb10b778fd43b4b6fb0e8f0d9836ac2024-11-26T18:20:41ZengMDPI AGRobotics2218-65812024-11-01131116810.3390/robotics13110168Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable ExoskeletonsRiccardo Bezzini0Giulia Bassani1Carlo Alberto Avizzano2Alessandro Filippeschi3Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, ItalyThe recent advancements in wearable exoskeletons have highlighted their effectiveness in assisting humans for both rehabilitation and augmentation purposes. These devices interact with the user; therefore, their actuators and power transmission mechanisms are crucial for enhancing physical human–robot interaction (pHRI). The advanced progression of 3D printing technology as a valuable method for creating lightweight and efficient gearboxes enables the exploration of multiple reducer designs. However, to the authors’ knowledge, only sporadic implementations with relatively low reduction ratios have been reported, and the respective experimental validations usually vary, preventing a comprehensive evaluation of different design and implementation choices. In this paper, we design, develop, and examine experimentally multiple 3D-printed gearboxes conceived for wearable assistive devices. Two relevant transmission ratios (1:30 and 1:80) and multiple designs, which include single- and double-stage compact cam cycloidal drives, compound planetary gearboxes, and cycloidal and planetary architectures, are compared to assess the worth of 3D-printed reducers in human–robot interaction applications. The resulting prototypes were examined by evaluating their weight, cost, backdrivability, friction, regularity of the reduction ratio, gear play, and stiffness. The results show that the developed gearboxes represent valuable alternatives for actuating wearable exoskeletons in multiple applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/13/11/168wearable exoskeletons actuatorpHRI3D-printed reducerscycloidal reducerplanetary gearbox
spellingShingle Riccardo Bezzini
Giulia Bassani
Carlo Alberto Avizzano
Alessandro Filippeschi
Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable Exoskeletons
Robotics
wearable exoskeletons actuator
pHRI
3D-printed reducers
cycloidal reducer
planetary gearbox
title Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable Exoskeletons
title_full Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable Exoskeletons
title_fullStr Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable Exoskeletons
title_full_unstemmed Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable Exoskeletons
title_short Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable Exoskeletons
title_sort design and experimental evaluation of multiple 3d printed reduction gearboxes for wearable exoskeletons
topic wearable exoskeletons actuator
pHRI
3D-printed reducers
cycloidal reducer
planetary gearbox
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/13/11/168
work_keys_str_mv AT riccardobezzini designandexperimentalevaluationofmultiple3dprintedreductiongearboxesforwearableexoskeletons
AT giuliabassani designandexperimentalevaluationofmultiple3dprintedreductiongearboxesforwearableexoskeletons
AT carloalbertoavizzano designandexperimentalevaluationofmultiple3dprintedreductiongearboxesforwearableexoskeletons
AT alessandrofilippeschi designandexperimentalevaluationofmultiple3dprintedreductiongearboxesforwearableexoskeletons