Insights into the Metabolism, Disposition, and Quantitative Profile of mGlu5 NAM AE90015 with Metabolite Identification and a Novel Integration Method
AE90015 is a highly specific and effective negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for the human mGlu5 receptor, showing significant promise for treating Parkinson’s disease. An in vivo rat oral dose study was conducted on AE90015, which involved the collection of urine and bile samples over a 24 h peri...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5724 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846123984899276800 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhiyang Zack Zou Ming-Jie Han Yu Chang Guiying Li |
| author_facet | Zhiyang Zack Zou Ming-Jie Han Yu Chang Guiying Li |
| author_sort | Zhiyang Zack Zou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AE90015 is a highly specific and effective negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for the human mGlu5 receptor, showing significant promise for treating Parkinson’s disease. An in vivo rat oral dose study was conducted on AE90015, which involved the collection of urine and bile samples over a 24 h period. At the study’s endpoint, plasma, liver, brain, and renal tissues were also collected. A total of 30 metabolites of AE90015 were identified and structurally characterized or detected using high-resolution LC-MS/MSn. These metabolites fall into four categories: mono-hydroxyl, di-hydroxyl, mono-hydroxyl glucuronide, and di-hydroxyl glucuronide. This study provided a comprehensive overview of the metabolism, excretion, and disposition of AE90015, a promising NAM. The primary clearance pathway for AE90015 is mono-oxidation, accounting for 96% of the total, while direct excretion via renal and bile routes accounted for only 0.5%. Bile emerged as the predominant excretion route, at 65%, for metabolites and a minor amount of parent compound, which contrasts with the common assumption that urine would be the primary excretion pathway, which accounted for 26%. Each adamantyl and pyrazine moiety of AE90015 undergoes a one-time oxidation, while the pyridyl portion remains unmetabolized. Secondary metabolites, such as di-hydroxylated forms and glucuronide conjugates, do not contribute to clearance. In this work, a new quantification method combining UV and mass spectra integration was developed, allowing for the quantification of overlapping metabolite peaks. This novel approach proved to be highly effective for metabolite identification in early preclinical studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6f4e6f3f9e9241e7b816502a9930af3a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-6f4e6f3f9e9241e7b816502a9930af3a2024-12-13T16:28:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-012923572410.3390/molecules29235724Insights into the Metabolism, Disposition, and Quantitative Profile of mGlu5 NAM AE90015 with Metabolite Identification and a Novel Integration MethodZhiyang Zack Zou0Ming-Jie Han1Yu Chang2Guiying Li3Department of DMPK & TOX, Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Zhongguancun Dongsheng International Science Park, Beijing 100192, ChinaDepartment of DMPK & TOX, Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Zhongguancun Dongsheng International Science Park, Beijing 100192, ChinaDepartment of DMPK & TOX, Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Zhongguancun Dongsheng International Science Park, Beijing 100192, ChinaTB Alliance, 80 Pine St. 20th Floor, New York, NY 10005, USAAE90015 is a highly specific and effective negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for the human mGlu5 receptor, showing significant promise for treating Parkinson’s disease. An in vivo rat oral dose study was conducted on AE90015, which involved the collection of urine and bile samples over a 24 h period. At the study’s endpoint, plasma, liver, brain, and renal tissues were also collected. A total of 30 metabolites of AE90015 were identified and structurally characterized or detected using high-resolution LC-MS/MSn. These metabolites fall into four categories: mono-hydroxyl, di-hydroxyl, mono-hydroxyl glucuronide, and di-hydroxyl glucuronide. This study provided a comprehensive overview of the metabolism, excretion, and disposition of AE90015, a promising NAM. The primary clearance pathway for AE90015 is mono-oxidation, accounting for 96% of the total, while direct excretion via renal and bile routes accounted for only 0.5%. Bile emerged as the predominant excretion route, at 65%, for metabolites and a minor amount of parent compound, which contrasts with the common assumption that urine would be the primary excretion pathway, which accounted for 26%. Each adamantyl and pyrazine moiety of AE90015 undergoes a one-time oxidation, while the pyridyl portion remains unmetabolized. Secondary metabolites, such as di-hydroxylated forms and glucuronide conjugates, do not contribute to clearance. In this work, a new quantification method combining UV and mass spectra integration was developed, allowing for the quantification of overlapping metabolite peaks. This novel approach proved to be highly effective for metabolite identification in early preclinical studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5724metabolismdispositionquantificationexcretionglucuronidation |
| spellingShingle | Zhiyang Zack Zou Ming-Jie Han Yu Chang Guiying Li Insights into the Metabolism, Disposition, and Quantitative Profile of mGlu5 NAM AE90015 with Metabolite Identification and a Novel Integration Method Molecules metabolism disposition quantification excretion glucuronidation |
| title | Insights into the Metabolism, Disposition, and Quantitative Profile of mGlu5 NAM AE90015 with Metabolite Identification and a Novel Integration Method |
| title_full | Insights into the Metabolism, Disposition, and Quantitative Profile of mGlu5 NAM AE90015 with Metabolite Identification and a Novel Integration Method |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the Metabolism, Disposition, and Quantitative Profile of mGlu5 NAM AE90015 with Metabolite Identification and a Novel Integration Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the Metabolism, Disposition, and Quantitative Profile of mGlu5 NAM AE90015 with Metabolite Identification and a Novel Integration Method |
| title_short | Insights into the Metabolism, Disposition, and Quantitative Profile of mGlu5 NAM AE90015 with Metabolite Identification and a Novel Integration Method |
| title_sort | insights into the metabolism disposition and quantitative profile of mglu5 nam ae90015 with metabolite identification and a novel integration method |
| topic | metabolism disposition quantification excretion glucuronidation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5724 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhiyangzackzou insightsintothemetabolismdispositionandquantitativeprofileofmglu5namae90015withmetaboliteidentificationandanovelintegrationmethod AT mingjiehan insightsintothemetabolismdispositionandquantitativeprofileofmglu5namae90015withmetaboliteidentificationandanovelintegrationmethod AT yuchang insightsintothemetabolismdispositionandquantitativeprofileofmglu5namae90015withmetaboliteidentificationandanovelintegrationmethod AT guiyingli insightsintothemetabolismdispositionandquantitativeprofileofmglu5namae90015withmetaboliteidentificationandanovelintegrationmethod |