High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits

This article presents a comprehensive comparison of high-speed synchronous machines, encompassing synchronous reluctance, its permanent magnet variant, and surface permanent magnet synchronous motors. The evaluation of their maximum performance capabilities employs a hybrid analytical-finite element...

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Main Authors: Mauro Di Nardo, Gianvito Gallicchio, Francesco Cupertino, Marco Palmieri, Mohammad Reza Ilkhani, Michele Degano, Chris Gerada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10844533/
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author Mauro Di Nardo
Gianvito Gallicchio
Francesco Cupertino
Marco Palmieri
Mohammad Reza Ilkhani
Michele Degano
Chris Gerada
author_facet Mauro Di Nardo
Gianvito Gallicchio
Francesco Cupertino
Marco Palmieri
Mohammad Reza Ilkhani
Michele Degano
Chris Gerada
author_sort Mauro Di Nardo
collection DOAJ
description This article presents a comprehensive comparison of high-speed synchronous machines, encompassing synchronous reluctance, its permanent magnet variant, and surface permanent magnet synchronous motors. The evaluation of their maximum performance capabilities employs a hybrid analytical-finite element design procedure able to address electromagnetic, thermal, and structural requirements simultaneously. Indeed, the adopted design methodology takes into account all the machines nonlinearities, while also including the limitations introduced by the iron ribs of the reluctance machine, retaining sleeve of the surface permanent magnet machine and increasing iron losses. The aim of the outlined design exercise is to evaluate the effect of different design specifications on the maximum achievable performance of the three machine topologies. A wide range of maximum design speeds, airgap thicknesses, and cooling system capabilities has been assessed showing when and why one motor type outperforms the others. The cooling system capability increment required by the reluctance-based machines to achieve the performance of the surface permanent magnet one has been systematically quantified. The design assumptions have been verified by a thermal analysis supporting the final machine selection. Three different machines designed with a maximum speed of 80 kr/min have been prototyped and tested on an instrumented test rig, validating all the design considerations.
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issn 2644-1241
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publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
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series IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications
spelling doaj-art-6f1d4aa1e9444324bdd4f16a1af9838a2025-08-20T03:11:57ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications2644-12412025-01-0169310610.1109/OJIA.2025.353122710844533High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and LimitsMauro Di Nardo0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-4920Gianvito Gallicchio1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-1582Francesco Cupertino2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-4756Marco Palmieri3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-773XMohammad Reza Ilkhani4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-9592Michele Degano5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1172Chris Gerada6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-4480Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, Università degli studi della Basilicata, Potenza, ItalyPower Electronics, Machine and Control Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.Power Electronics, Machine and Control Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.Power Electronics, Machine and Control Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.This article presents a comprehensive comparison of high-speed synchronous machines, encompassing synchronous reluctance, its permanent magnet variant, and surface permanent magnet synchronous motors. The evaluation of their maximum performance capabilities employs a hybrid analytical-finite element design procedure able to address electromagnetic, thermal, and structural requirements simultaneously. Indeed, the adopted design methodology takes into account all the machines nonlinearities, while also including the limitations introduced by the iron ribs of the reluctance machine, retaining sleeve of the surface permanent magnet machine and increasing iron losses. The aim of the outlined design exercise is to evaluate the effect of different design specifications on the maximum achievable performance of the three machine topologies. A wide range of maximum design speeds, airgap thicknesses, and cooling system capabilities has been assessed showing when and why one motor type outperforms the others. The cooling system capability increment required by the reluctance-based machines to achieve the performance of the surface permanent magnet one has been systematically quantified. The design assumptions have been verified by a thermal analysis supporting the final machine selection. Three different machines designed with a maximum speed of 80 kr/min have been prototyped and tested on an instrumented test rig, validating all the design considerations.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10844533/Analytical designfinite element analysishigh speedpermanent magnetstructural rotor design
spellingShingle Mauro Di Nardo
Gianvito Gallicchio
Francesco Cupertino
Marco Palmieri
Mohammad Reza Ilkhani
Michele Degano
Chris Gerada
High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits
IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications
Analytical design
finite element analysis
high speed
permanent magnet
structural rotor design
title High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits
title_full High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits
title_fullStr High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits
title_full_unstemmed High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits
title_short High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits
title_sort high speed synchronous machines technologies and limits
topic Analytical design
finite element analysis
high speed
permanent magnet
structural rotor design
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10844533/
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AT marcopalmieri highspeedsynchronousmachinestechnologiesandlimits
AT mohammadrezailkhani highspeedsynchronousmachinestechnologiesandlimits
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