Toxicopathological Effects of the Venom of Echis ocellatus on Experimentally Envenomated Swiss Albino Rats

The World Health Organization classified snakebite envenomation as one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The significance of Echis ocellatus in causing envenomation in humans and animals in Northern Nigeria has been widely recognized, with experts identifying it as the most medically impo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: P. O. Yusuf, G. Ada, D. B. Nuhu, S. Dahiru, P. M. Ameh, M. Mamman, M. U. Kawu, M. Bisallah, S. J. Enam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP) 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/286249
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1841536257288568832
author P. O. Yusuf
G. Ada
D. B. Nuhu
S. Dahiru
P. M. Ameh
M. Mamman
M. U. Kawu
M. Bisallah
S. J. Enam
author_facet P. O. Yusuf
G. Ada
D. B. Nuhu
S. Dahiru
P. M. Ameh
M. Mamman
M. U. Kawu
M. Bisallah
S. J. Enam
author_sort P. O. Yusuf
collection DOAJ
description The World Health Organization classified snakebite envenomation as one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The significance of Echis ocellatus in causing envenomation in humans and animals in Northern Nigeria has been widely recognized, with experts identifying it as the most medically important snake in the region. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the toxicopathological effects of Echis ocellatus venom on Swiss albino rats subjected to experimental envenomation. The vital organs were collected and examined histopathologically. The data revealed necrosis and congestion in the heart tissues of envenomated rats compared to the control group. Similarly, the kidney sections showed necrosis and congestion in the nephrotic tissues, while the liver sections exhibited necrosis, congestion, and perivascular cuffing. Data obtained show that the haematological parameters: PCV was 26 ± 0.7723% in the envenomated group compared to 44 ± 0.5213% in the control group. Hemoglobin levels were 8.67 ± 0.4217 g/dL versus 14.23 ± 0.3871 g/dL, erythrocyte counts were 1.0 ± 0.5617 ×10⁶/L compared to 9.0 ± 0.3938 ×10⁶/L, and total protein was 3.2 ± 1.1623 g/dL compared to 8.6 ± 0.2928 g/dL in the controls. MCH was 21.675 pg compared to 15.556 pg in the controls. Table 2 provides leukocyte parameters: leukocyte counts were 12.0 ± 0.5429 ×10⁹/L  for the envenomated group and 12.12 ± 0.2419 ×10⁹/L for controls. Monocyte levels were 0.0 ± 0.00% in the envenomated group versus 1.6 ± 0.2844% in the controls. These findings suggest the venom of Echis ocellatus induces significant hematotoxicity, with pathological involvement of the heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen.
format Article
id doaj-art-6f0ffea404894ed386979f4582489c34
institution Kabale University
issn 2659-1502
2659-1499
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)
record_format Article
series Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
spelling doaj-art-6f0ffea404894ed386979f4582489c342025-01-14T19:50:55ZengJoint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management2659-15022659-14992024-12-012812B SupplementaryToxicopathological Effects of the Venom of Echis ocellatus on Experimentally Envenomated Swiss Albino RatsP. O. YusufG. AdaD. B. NuhuS. DahiruP. M. AmehM. MammanM. U. KawuM. BisallahS. J. Enam The World Health Organization classified snakebite envenomation as one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The significance of Echis ocellatus in causing envenomation in humans and animals in Northern Nigeria has been widely recognized, with experts identifying it as the most medically important snake in the region. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the toxicopathological effects of Echis ocellatus venom on Swiss albino rats subjected to experimental envenomation. The vital organs were collected and examined histopathologically. The data revealed necrosis and congestion in the heart tissues of envenomated rats compared to the control group. Similarly, the kidney sections showed necrosis and congestion in the nephrotic tissues, while the liver sections exhibited necrosis, congestion, and perivascular cuffing. Data obtained show that the haematological parameters: PCV was 26 ± 0.7723% in the envenomated group compared to 44 ± 0.5213% in the control group. Hemoglobin levels were 8.67 ± 0.4217 g/dL versus 14.23 ± 0.3871 g/dL, erythrocyte counts were 1.0 ± 0.5617 ×10⁶/L compared to 9.0 ± 0.3938 ×10⁶/L, and total protein was 3.2 ± 1.1623 g/dL compared to 8.6 ± 0.2928 g/dL in the controls. MCH was 21.675 pg compared to 15.556 pg in the controls. Table 2 provides leukocyte parameters: leukocyte counts were 12.0 ± 0.5429 ×10⁹/L  for the envenomated group and 12.12 ± 0.2419 ×10⁹/L for controls. Monocyte levels were 0.0 ± 0.00% in the envenomated group versus 1.6 ± 0.2844% in the controls. These findings suggest the venom of Echis ocellatus induces significant hematotoxicity, with pathological involvement of the heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/286249Echis ocellatu; anaemia; congestion; necrosis; envenoming
spellingShingle P. O. Yusuf
G. Ada
D. B. Nuhu
S. Dahiru
P. M. Ameh
M. Mamman
M. U. Kawu
M. Bisallah
S. J. Enam
Toxicopathological Effects of the Venom of Echis ocellatus on Experimentally Envenomated Swiss Albino Rats
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
Echis ocellatu; anaemia; congestion; necrosis; envenoming
title Toxicopathological Effects of the Venom of Echis ocellatus on Experimentally Envenomated Swiss Albino Rats
title_full Toxicopathological Effects of the Venom of Echis ocellatus on Experimentally Envenomated Swiss Albino Rats
title_fullStr Toxicopathological Effects of the Venom of Echis ocellatus on Experimentally Envenomated Swiss Albino Rats
title_full_unstemmed Toxicopathological Effects of the Venom of Echis ocellatus on Experimentally Envenomated Swiss Albino Rats
title_short Toxicopathological Effects of the Venom of Echis ocellatus on Experimentally Envenomated Swiss Albino Rats
title_sort toxicopathological effects of the venom of echis ocellatus on experimentally envenomated swiss albino rats
topic Echis ocellatu; anaemia; congestion; necrosis; envenoming
url https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/286249
work_keys_str_mv AT poyusuf toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats
AT gada toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats
AT dbnuhu toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats
AT sdahiru toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats
AT pmameh toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats
AT mmamman toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats
AT mukawu toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats
AT mbisallah toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats
AT sjenam toxicopathologicaleffectsofthevenomofechisocellatusonexperimentallyenvenomatedswissalbinorats