Malaria and Related Haemosporidian Parasites of Wildlife in Southeast Asia: A Risk for Global Health
Malaria and related haemosporidian parasites are widespread diseases that can inflict severe harm on both humans and animals. These parasites are protozoans classified within the order Haemosporidia, which encompasses four families: Garniidae, Haemoproteidae, Leucocytozoidae, and Plasmodiidae. The m...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Jurnal Medik Veteriner |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/52391 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850263621284659200 |
|---|---|
| author | Shafia Khairani Endang Yuni Setyowati Ita Krissanti |
| author_facet | Shafia Khairani Endang Yuni Setyowati Ita Krissanti |
| author_sort | Shafia Khairani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Malaria and related haemosporidian parasites are widespread diseases that can inflict severe harm on both humans and animals. These parasites are protozoans classified within the order Haemosporidia, which encompasses four families: Garniidae, Haemoproteidae, Leucocytozoidae, and Plasmodiidae. The majority of species belong to three primary genera—Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium—which have the capacity to infect a diverse array of animal species, including birds, reptiles, snakes, and mammals. Diagnostic techniques, such as light microscopy and molecular methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have been extensively developed to identify these infections. Despite these advancements, research on the prevalence of malaria in wildlife across Southeast Asia remains sparse. This review article examines the significance of malaria and related haemosporidian parasites in wildlife within Southeast Asia and their potential implications for global human health. A total of 285 articles were reviewed, with 42 qualitative studies being included in this analysis. The majority of these studies were conducted in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia. Among the reviewed studies, 27 out of 42 (64.28%) focused on non-human primates, while 15 out of 42 (35.71%) addressed other wildlife such as birds and bats. Macaca fascicularis (long-tailed macaque) was the primary subject in 18 studies (66.66%), followed by M. nemestrina, Pongo pygmaeus, and various other macaque species and gibbons. In contrast, studies involving other wildlife, including birds and bats, exhibited considerable variability in species and sample sizes, ranging from a minimum of 4 individuals to a maximum of 400 individuals. Molecular diagnostics are predominantly used for non-human primates and other wildlife, as opposed to conventional methods like blood smears. Zoonotic malaria has emerged as a significant concern due to factors such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, and forest fragmentation, which increase human-wildlife interactions and facilitate mosquito breeding, thereby heightening the risk of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. In summary, malaria and related haemosporidian parasites represent a substantial public health threat in Southeast Asia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6e32e90a9ada4f4d8f5f83a76d7fadb0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2615-7497 2581-012X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Jurnal Medik Veteriner |
| spelling | doaj-art-6e32e90a9ada4f4d8f5f83a76d7fadb02025-08-20T01:54:55ZengUniversitas Airlangga, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJurnal Medik Veteriner2615-74972581-012X2025-04-0181199–222199–22210.20473/jmv.vol8.iss1.2025.199–22250551Malaria and Related Haemosporidian Parasites of Wildlife in Southeast Asia: A Risk for Global HealthShafia Khairani0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-1388Endang Yuni Setyowati1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-3141Ita Krissanti2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-7673Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, IndonesiaDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, IndonesiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, IndonesiaMalaria and related haemosporidian parasites are widespread diseases that can inflict severe harm on both humans and animals. These parasites are protozoans classified within the order Haemosporidia, which encompasses four families: Garniidae, Haemoproteidae, Leucocytozoidae, and Plasmodiidae. The majority of species belong to three primary genera—Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium—which have the capacity to infect a diverse array of animal species, including birds, reptiles, snakes, and mammals. Diagnostic techniques, such as light microscopy and molecular methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have been extensively developed to identify these infections. Despite these advancements, research on the prevalence of malaria in wildlife across Southeast Asia remains sparse. This review article examines the significance of malaria and related haemosporidian parasites in wildlife within Southeast Asia and their potential implications for global human health. A total of 285 articles were reviewed, with 42 qualitative studies being included in this analysis. The majority of these studies were conducted in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia. Among the reviewed studies, 27 out of 42 (64.28%) focused on non-human primates, while 15 out of 42 (35.71%) addressed other wildlife such as birds and bats. Macaca fascicularis (long-tailed macaque) was the primary subject in 18 studies (66.66%), followed by M. nemestrina, Pongo pygmaeus, and various other macaque species and gibbons. In contrast, studies involving other wildlife, including birds and bats, exhibited considerable variability in species and sample sizes, ranging from a minimum of 4 individuals to a maximum of 400 individuals. Molecular diagnostics are predominantly used for non-human primates and other wildlife, as opposed to conventional methods like blood smears. Zoonotic malaria has emerged as a significant concern due to factors such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, and forest fragmentation, which increase human-wildlife interactions and facilitate mosquito breeding, thereby heightening the risk of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. In summary, malaria and related haemosporidian parasites represent a substantial public health threat in Southeast Asia.https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/52391malarianon-human primatesrelated haemosporidiansoutheast asiawildlife |
| spellingShingle | Shafia Khairani Endang Yuni Setyowati Ita Krissanti Malaria and Related Haemosporidian Parasites of Wildlife in Southeast Asia: A Risk for Global Health Jurnal Medik Veteriner malaria non-human primates related haemosporidian southeast asia wildlife |
| title | Malaria and Related Haemosporidian Parasites of Wildlife in Southeast Asia: A Risk for Global Health |
| title_full | Malaria and Related Haemosporidian Parasites of Wildlife in Southeast Asia: A Risk for Global Health |
| title_fullStr | Malaria and Related Haemosporidian Parasites of Wildlife in Southeast Asia: A Risk for Global Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Malaria and Related Haemosporidian Parasites of Wildlife in Southeast Asia: A Risk for Global Health |
| title_short | Malaria and Related Haemosporidian Parasites of Wildlife in Southeast Asia: A Risk for Global Health |
| title_sort | malaria and related haemosporidian parasites of wildlife in southeast asia a risk for global health |
| topic | malaria non-human primates related haemosporidian southeast asia wildlife |
| url | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/52391 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shafiakhairani malariaandrelatedhaemosporidianparasitesofwildlifeinsoutheastasiaariskforglobalhealth AT endangyunisetyowati malariaandrelatedhaemosporidianparasitesofwildlifeinsoutheastasiaariskforglobalhealth AT itakrissanti malariaandrelatedhaemosporidianparasitesofwildlifeinsoutheastasiaariskforglobalhealth |