Structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a diverse category of hematological malignancies defined by the clonal proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. While advances in diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities have improved results for many patients, a group of them exhibit clinical characterist...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Iraqi Journal of Hematology |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijh.ijh_61_24 |
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| author | Mohd Afzal Abhishek Sharma Ashok Kumar Sah Aksh Chahal |
| author_facet | Mohd Afzal Abhishek Sharma Ashok Kumar Sah Aksh Chahal |
| author_sort | Mohd Afzal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a diverse category of hematological malignancies defined by the clonal proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. While advances in diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities have improved results for many patients, a group of them exhibit clinical characteristics that indicate a high risk of disease progression and unfavorable consequences. Understanding the underlying molecular processes and developing accurate prognostic indicators in this high-risk group is critical for personalized treatment approaches and better patient outcomes. Hematological markers, immunophenotyping profiles, and chromosomal defects in people who were clinically high risk (CHR) for ALL are discussed in this review. Alterations in hematological markers, such as elevated white blood cell counts, decreased hemoglobin levels, and thrombocytopenia, are indicative of the aggressive nature of high-risk ALL. Immunophenotyping investigations revealed abnormal expression patterns of lineage-specific markers, indicating clonal proliferation and differentiation arrest. Furthermore, cytogenetic examination revealed frequent chromosomal defects, such as the Philadelphia chromosome and hyperdiploidy, which have been linked to a poor prognosis in ALL patients. The combination of hematological, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic data gives a thorough knowledge of disease biology and assists in risk assessment for patients with CHR for ALL. The present review elucidates the intricate interaction of hematological, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic abnormalities in persons at clinically high risk for ALL, emphasizing the importance of integrated diagnostic techniques to enhance patient outcomes and optimize treatment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6e1a2bf8e19e474d9f46c5c335c4203e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-8069 2543-2702 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iraqi Journal of Hematology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6e1a2bf8e19e474d9f46c5c335c4203e2025-01-09T13:50:56ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIraqi Journal of Hematology2072-80692543-27022024-12-0113215916910.4103/ijh.ijh_61_24Structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemiaMohd AfzalAbhishek SharmaAshok Kumar SahAksh ChahalAcute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a diverse category of hematological malignancies defined by the clonal proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. While advances in diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities have improved results for many patients, a group of them exhibit clinical characteristics that indicate a high risk of disease progression and unfavorable consequences. Understanding the underlying molecular processes and developing accurate prognostic indicators in this high-risk group is critical for personalized treatment approaches and better patient outcomes. Hematological markers, immunophenotyping profiles, and chromosomal defects in people who were clinically high risk (CHR) for ALL are discussed in this review. Alterations in hematological markers, such as elevated white blood cell counts, decreased hemoglobin levels, and thrombocytopenia, are indicative of the aggressive nature of high-risk ALL. Immunophenotyping investigations revealed abnormal expression patterns of lineage-specific markers, indicating clonal proliferation and differentiation arrest. Furthermore, cytogenetic examination revealed frequent chromosomal defects, such as the Philadelphia chromosome and hyperdiploidy, which have been linked to a poor prognosis in ALL patients. The combination of hematological, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic data gives a thorough knowledge of disease biology and assists in risk assessment for patients with CHR for ALL. The present review elucidates the intricate interaction of hematological, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic abnormalities in persons at clinically high risk for ALL, emphasizing the importance of integrated diagnostic techniques to enhance patient outcomes and optimize treatment strategies.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijh.ijh_61_24aneuploidycytogeneticshematologic neoplasmslymphocytesthrombocytopenia |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Afzal Abhishek Sharma Ashok Kumar Sah Aksh Chahal Structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia Iraqi Journal of Hematology aneuploidy cytogenetics hematologic neoplasms lymphocytes thrombocytopenia |
| title | Structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| title_full | Structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| title_fullStr | Structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| title_short | Structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| title_sort | structural and functional alterations in hematological parameters among individuals at clinically high risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| topic | aneuploidy cytogenetics hematologic neoplasms lymphocytes thrombocytopenia |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijh.ijh_61_24 |
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