Fear effect on the mobility of individuals in a spatially heterogeneous environment: a delayed diffusive SPIR epidemic model

Fear effect on the mobility of individuals in a spatially heterogeneous environment: a delayed diffusive SPIR epidemic model

Abstract As the fear of infection is a crucial factor in the progress of the disease in the population. We aim, in this study, to investigate a susceptible-protected-infected-recovered (SPIR) epidemic model with mixed diffusion modeled by local and nonlocal diffusions. These types of diffusion are u...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ghilmana Sarmad, Salih Djilali, Soufiane Bentout, Abdessamad Tridane
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Delayed epidemic model
Diffusion
Nonlocal diffusion
protection
Fear effect
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16280-2
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