Long-Life Inoculant: <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth
Currently, bacterial inoculant technology focuses on improving long-term storage conditions to ensure adequate rhizobia numbers and their effectiveness as plant growth promoters. This study aimed to investigate whether storage at 4 °C for four years of alginate beads immobilizing <i>Bradyrhizo...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/21/2983 |
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| author | Adriana Belén Cesari Marilina Fernandez Natalia Soledad Paulucci Marta Susana Dardanelli |
| author_facet | Adriana Belén Cesari Marilina Fernandez Natalia Soledad Paulucci Marta Susana Dardanelli |
| author_sort | Adriana Belén Cesari |
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| description | Currently, bacterial inoculant technology focuses on improving long-term storage conditions to ensure adequate rhizobia numbers and their effectiveness as plant growth promoters. This study aimed to investigate whether storage at 4 °C for four years of alginate beads immobilizing <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. SEMIA6144 maintains bacterial vitality, efficacy in growth promotion, and ability to establish early interactions with <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L. The recovery of viable SEMIA6144 cells decreased over time (10% at six months, 1% at one year, and 0.01% at four years), while cell vitality remained high at 94.1%, 90.2%, and 93.4%, respectively. The unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio declined during storage, reducing membrane fluidity and metabolic activity. Mobility and root adhesion of SEMIA6144 decreased after one and four years. However, growth promotion in peanuts inoculated with SEMIA6144 beads was observed through increased biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf number, leaf area, and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence compared to non-inoculated plants. Although nodulation was low in plants inoculated with four-year-old beads, leghemoglobin levels were maintained. These results demonstrate that <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. SEMIA6144 can be stored for four years in alginate beads at 4 °C, maintaining its vitality and ability to establish a symbiosis that stimulates early peanut growth. Understanding these physiological changes could be valuable for the future improvement of long-lasting inoculants. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6dba12d1b897458fb47bf451a9c99e7b2024-11-08T14:39:09ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-10-011321298310.3390/plants13212983Long-Life Inoculant: <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early GrowthAdriana Belén Cesari0Marilina Fernandez1Natalia Soledad Paulucci2Marta Susana Dardanelli3Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, Córdoba X5804BYA, ArgentinaDepartamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, Córdoba X5804BYA, ArgentinaDepartamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, Córdoba X5804BYA, ArgentinaDepartamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, Córdoba X5804BYA, ArgentinaCurrently, bacterial inoculant technology focuses on improving long-term storage conditions to ensure adequate rhizobia numbers and their effectiveness as plant growth promoters. This study aimed to investigate whether storage at 4 °C for four years of alginate beads immobilizing <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. SEMIA6144 maintains bacterial vitality, efficacy in growth promotion, and ability to establish early interactions with <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L. The recovery of viable SEMIA6144 cells decreased over time (10% at six months, 1% at one year, and 0.01% at four years), while cell vitality remained high at 94.1%, 90.2%, and 93.4%, respectively. The unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio declined during storage, reducing membrane fluidity and metabolic activity. Mobility and root adhesion of SEMIA6144 decreased after one and four years. However, growth promotion in peanuts inoculated with SEMIA6144 beads was observed through increased biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf number, leaf area, and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence compared to non-inoculated plants. Although nodulation was low in plants inoculated with four-year-old beads, leghemoglobin levels were maintained. These results demonstrate that <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. SEMIA6144 can be stored for four years in alginate beads at 4 °C, maintaining its vitality and ability to establish a symbiosis that stimulates early peanut growth. Understanding these physiological changes could be valuable for the future improvement of long-lasting inoculants.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/21/2983<i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp.immobilization<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>cell integritylong-term storagePGPR properties |
| spellingShingle | Adriana Belén Cesari Marilina Fernandez Natalia Soledad Paulucci Marta Susana Dardanelli Long-Life Inoculant: <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth Plants <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. immobilization <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> cell integrity long-term storage PGPR properties |
| title | Long-Life Inoculant: <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth |
| title_full | Long-Life Inoculant: <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth |
| title_fullStr | Long-Life Inoculant: <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Life Inoculant: <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth |
| title_short | Long-Life Inoculant: <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth |
| title_sort | long life inoculant i bradyrhizobium i stored in biodegradable beads for four years shows optimal cell vitality interacts with peanut roots and promotes early growth |
| topic | <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. immobilization <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> cell integrity long-term storage PGPR properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/21/2983 |
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