Differential expression of osteoblast-like cells on self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes

Background/purpose: Titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) structures have been shown to enhance the early osseointegration of dental implants. Nevertheless, the optimal nanotube diameter for promoting osteogenesis remains unclear due to variations in cell types and manufacture of nanotubes. This study aim...

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Main Authors: Aobo Ma, Yiding Zhang, Junduo Chen, Lu Sun, Guang Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Dental Sciences
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790224002885
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author Aobo Ma
Yiding Zhang
Junduo Chen
Lu Sun
Guang Hong
author_facet Aobo Ma
Yiding Zhang
Junduo Chen
Lu Sun
Guang Hong
author_sort Aobo Ma
collection DOAJ
description Background/purpose: Titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) structures have been shown to enhance the early osseointegration of dental implants. Nevertheless, the optimal nanotube diameter for promoting osteogenesis remains unclear due to variations in cell types and manufacture of nanotubes. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in MC3T3-E1 and Saos-2 cells behavior on nanotubes of varying diameters. Materials and methods: TNT structures were fabricated by anodizing titanium foil at voltages ranging from 15V to 70V and annealed at 450 °C. Surface morphology and wettability were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle measurements, respectively. MC3T3-E1 and Saos-2 cells were cultured to evaluate biocompatibility. Early cell morphology and adhesion were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was quantified using CCK-8 assays, and differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase assays. Osteogenesis-related gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), measuring runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 (COL-1), osteocalcin (OCN), and Osteopontin (OPN) gene levels. Results: Our results found that Saos-2 cells may be more suitable for TNT-related studies compared to MC3T3-E1 cells. Notably, the 65V nanotube group, with a diameter of 135.9 ± 15.83 nm, demonstrated the most significant osteogenic effect in our assays. Conclusion: We propose that the use and screening of multiple cell lines prior to the evaluation of biomaterials can lead to more accurate in vitro experiments, thereby enhancing the reliability of biomaterial research.
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spelling doaj-art-6d7edf6a456c4f7b94d468ded5e0f5bc2024-12-18T08:48:02ZengElsevierJournal of Dental Sciences1991-79022024-12-0119S26S37Differential expression of osteoblast-like cells on self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubesAobo Ma0Yiding Zhang1Junduo Chen2Lu Sun3Guang Hong4Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Periodontology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDivision for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, JapanDivision for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDivision for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Corresponding author. Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.Background/purpose: Titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) structures have been shown to enhance the early osseointegration of dental implants. Nevertheless, the optimal nanotube diameter for promoting osteogenesis remains unclear due to variations in cell types and manufacture of nanotubes. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in MC3T3-E1 and Saos-2 cells behavior on nanotubes of varying diameters. Materials and methods: TNT structures were fabricated by anodizing titanium foil at voltages ranging from 15V to 70V and annealed at 450 °C. Surface morphology and wettability were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle measurements, respectively. MC3T3-E1 and Saos-2 cells were cultured to evaluate biocompatibility. Early cell morphology and adhesion were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was quantified using CCK-8 assays, and differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase assays. Osteogenesis-related gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), measuring runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 (COL-1), osteocalcin (OCN), and Osteopontin (OPN) gene levels. Results: Our results found that Saos-2 cells may be more suitable for TNT-related studies compared to MC3T3-E1 cells. Notably, the 65V nanotube group, with a diameter of 135.9 ± 15.83 nm, demonstrated the most significant osteogenic effect in our assays. Conclusion: We propose that the use and screening of multiple cell lines prior to the evaluation of biomaterials can lead to more accurate in vitro experiments, thereby enhancing the reliability of biomaterial research.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790224002885TiO2 nanotubesDental implantBiomaterialsCell behaviorOsteoblast
spellingShingle Aobo Ma
Yiding Zhang
Junduo Chen
Lu Sun
Guang Hong
Differential expression of osteoblast-like cells on self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes
Journal of Dental Sciences
TiO2 nanotubes
Dental implant
Biomaterials
Cell behavior
Osteoblast
title Differential expression of osteoblast-like cells on self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes
title_full Differential expression of osteoblast-like cells on self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes
title_fullStr Differential expression of osteoblast-like cells on self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes
title_full_unstemmed Differential expression of osteoblast-like cells on self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes
title_short Differential expression of osteoblast-like cells on self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes
title_sort differential expression of osteoblast like cells on self organized titanium dioxide nanotubes
topic TiO2 nanotubes
Dental implant
Biomaterials
Cell behavior
Osteoblast
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790224002885
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