Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant health challenges, including increased risk of mortality and long-term complications. While vaccination has proven remarkably effective in mitigating severe disease and mortality associated with acute COVID-19 infection, the long-term implications...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13043-x |
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| author | Tatjana Meister Ülo Maiväli Kaur Tenson Anna Tisler Ruth Kalda Kadri Suija Anneli Uusküla |
| author_facet | Tatjana Meister Ülo Maiväli Kaur Tenson Anna Tisler Ruth Kalda Kadri Suija Anneli Uusküla |
| author_sort | Tatjana Meister |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant health challenges, including increased risk of mortality and long-term complications. While vaccination has proven remarkably effective in mitigating severe disease and mortality associated with acute COVID-19 infection, the long-term implications of vaccination, particularly its influence on post-COVID cardiovascular events and the temporal dynamics of such effects, remain poorly understood. This target trial emulation study utilizes real-world electronic medical record data from April 2021 to March 2023 to address this gap. We evaluate the effect of pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of major acute cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in individuals aged 40–85 years during one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among individuals with COVID-19 (n = 18,223 vaccinated, n = 15,331 not vaccinated), vaccination provided a significant protective effect against MACE (weighted incidence rate ratio [wIRR] 0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.84) and all-cause mortality (wIRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.28–0.36). This effect persisted for approximately three months after the acute infection. These findings underscore the importance of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing both short-term and long-term health risks associated with the infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6cf9c4de3f8f4787a338627e50d735e7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-6cf9c4de3f8f4787a338627e50d735e72025-08-20T04:02:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-13043-xDynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation studyTatjana Meister0Ülo Maiväli1Kaur Tenson2Anna Tisler3Ruth Kalda4Kadri Suija5Anneli Uusküla6Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of TartuInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of TartuInstitute of Mathematical Statistics, University of TartuInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of TartuInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of TartuInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of TartuInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of TartuAbstract The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant health challenges, including increased risk of mortality and long-term complications. While vaccination has proven remarkably effective in mitigating severe disease and mortality associated with acute COVID-19 infection, the long-term implications of vaccination, particularly its influence on post-COVID cardiovascular events and the temporal dynamics of such effects, remain poorly understood. This target trial emulation study utilizes real-world electronic medical record data from April 2021 to March 2023 to address this gap. We evaluate the effect of pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of major acute cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in individuals aged 40–85 years during one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among individuals with COVID-19 (n = 18,223 vaccinated, n = 15,331 not vaccinated), vaccination provided a significant protective effect against MACE (weighted incidence rate ratio [wIRR] 0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.84) and all-cause mortality (wIRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.28–0.36). This effect persisted for approximately three months after the acute infection. These findings underscore the importance of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing both short-term and long-term health risks associated with the infection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13043-xCOVID-19VaccinationDeathMortalityLong COVIDPACS |
| spellingShingle | Tatjana Meister Ülo Maiväli Kaur Tenson Anna Tisler Ruth Kalda Kadri Suija Anneli Uusküla Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study Scientific Reports COVID-19 Vaccination Death Mortality Long COVID PACS |
| title | Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study |
| title_full | Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study |
| title_short | Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study |
| title_sort | dynamic effects of covid 19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following sars cov 2 infection in a target trial emulation study |
| topic | COVID-19 Vaccination Death Mortality Long COVID PACS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13043-x |
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