Self-dualities and Galois symmetries in Feynman integrals

Abstract It is well-known that all Feynman integrals within a given family can be expressed as a finite linear combination of master integrals. The master integrals naturally group into sectors. Starting from two loops, there can exist sectors made up of more than one master integral. In this paper...

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Main Authors: Sebastian Pögel, Xing Wang, Stefan Weinzierl, Konglong Wu, Xiaofeng Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2024)084
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author Sebastian Pögel
Xing Wang
Stefan Weinzierl
Konglong Wu
Xiaofeng Xu
author_facet Sebastian Pögel
Xing Wang
Stefan Weinzierl
Konglong Wu
Xiaofeng Xu
author_sort Sebastian Pögel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract It is well-known that all Feynman integrals within a given family can be expressed as a finite linear combination of master integrals. The master integrals naturally group into sectors. Starting from two loops, there can exist sectors made up of more than one master integral. In this paper we show that such sectors may have additional symmetries. First of all, self-duality, which was first observed in Feynman integrals related to Calabi-Yau geometries, often carries over to non-Calabi-Yau Feynman integrals. Secondly, we show that in addition there can exist Galois symmetries relating integrals. In the simplest case of two master integrals within a sector, whose definition involves a square root r, we may choose a basis (I 1, I 2) such that I 2 is obtained from I 1 by the substitution r → −r. This pattern also persists in sectors, which a priori are not related to any square root with dependence on the kinematic variables. We show in several examples that in such cases a suitable redefinition of the integrals introduces constant square roots like 3 $$ \sqrt{3} $$ . The new master integrals are then again related by a Galois symmetry, for example the substitution 3 $$ \sqrt{3} $$ → − 3 $$ -\sqrt{3} $$ . To handle the case where the argument of a square root would be a perfect square we introduce a limit Galois symmetry. Both self-duality and Galois symmetries constrain the differential equation.
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spelling doaj-art-6c9c4288b8624d639da867b9fb8082112024-12-08T12:15:35ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792024-09-012024913910.1007/JHEP09(2024)084Self-dualities and Galois symmetries in Feynman integralsSebastian Pögel0Xing Wang1Stefan Weinzierl2Konglong Wu3Xiaofeng Xu4PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Institut für Physik, Staudinger Weg 7, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzPhysik Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität MünchenPRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Institut für Physik, Staudinger Weg 7, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYPRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Institut für Physik, Staudinger Weg 7, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzAbstract It is well-known that all Feynman integrals within a given family can be expressed as a finite linear combination of master integrals. The master integrals naturally group into sectors. Starting from two loops, there can exist sectors made up of more than one master integral. In this paper we show that such sectors may have additional symmetries. First of all, self-duality, which was first observed in Feynman integrals related to Calabi-Yau geometries, often carries over to non-Calabi-Yau Feynman integrals. Secondly, we show that in addition there can exist Galois symmetries relating integrals. In the simplest case of two master integrals within a sector, whose definition involves a square root r, we may choose a basis (I 1, I 2) such that I 2 is obtained from I 1 by the substitution r → −r. This pattern also persists in sectors, which a priori are not related to any square root with dependence on the kinematic variables. We show in several examples that in such cases a suitable redefinition of the integrals introduces constant square roots like 3 $$ \sqrt{3} $$ . The new master integrals are then again related by a Galois symmetry, for example the substitution 3 $$ \sqrt{3} $$ → − 3 $$ -\sqrt{3} $$ . To handle the case where the argument of a square root would be a perfect square we introduce a limit Galois symmetry. Both self-duality and Galois symmetries constrain the differential equation.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2024)084Differential and Algebraic GeometryHigher Order Electroweak CalculationsHigher-Order Perturbative CalculationsScattering Amplitudes
spellingShingle Sebastian Pögel
Xing Wang
Stefan Weinzierl
Konglong Wu
Xiaofeng Xu
Self-dualities and Galois symmetries in Feynman integrals
Journal of High Energy Physics
Differential and Algebraic Geometry
Higher Order Electroweak Calculations
Higher-Order Perturbative Calculations
Scattering Amplitudes
title Self-dualities and Galois symmetries in Feynman integrals
title_full Self-dualities and Galois symmetries in Feynman integrals
title_fullStr Self-dualities and Galois symmetries in Feynman integrals
title_full_unstemmed Self-dualities and Galois symmetries in Feynman integrals
title_short Self-dualities and Galois symmetries in Feynman integrals
title_sort self dualities and galois symmetries in feynman integrals
topic Differential and Algebraic Geometry
Higher Order Electroweak Calculations
Higher-Order Perturbative Calculations
Scattering Amplitudes
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2024)084
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AT stefanweinzierl selfdualitiesandgaloissymmetriesinfeynmanintegrals
AT konglongwu selfdualitiesandgaloissymmetriesinfeynmanintegrals
AT xiaofengxu selfdualitiesandgaloissymmetriesinfeynmanintegrals