Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD).
The prevailing concept is that gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD) is caused by maternal antibodies targeting a currently unknown antigen on the liver of the fetus. This leads to deposition of complement on the fetal hepatocytes and death of the fetal hepatocytes and extensive liver injury....
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286432 |
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| author | Klaus Rieneck Karen Koefoed Rasmussen Erwin M Schoof Frederik Banch Clausen Henrietta Holze Thomas Bergholt Marianne Hørby Jørgensen Vibeke Brix Christensen Runar Almaas Peter Lüttge Jordal Marie Locard-Paulet Kasper Runager Leif Kofoed Nielsen Balthasar Clemens Schlotmann Joachim Lütken Weischenfeldt Lars Juhl Jensen Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel |
| author_facet | Klaus Rieneck Karen Koefoed Rasmussen Erwin M Schoof Frederik Banch Clausen Henrietta Holze Thomas Bergholt Marianne Hørby Jørgensen Vibeke Brix Christensen Runar Almaas Peter Lüttge Jordal Marie Locard-Paulet Kasper Runager Leif Kofoed Nielsen Balthasar Clemens Schlotmann Joachim Lütken Weischenfeldt Lars Juhl Jensen Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel |
| author_sort | Klaus Rieneck |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevailing concept is that gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD) is caused by maternal antibodies targeting a currently unknown antigen on the liver of the fetus. This leads to deposition of complement on the fetal hepatocytes and death of the fetal hepatocytes and extensive liver injury. In many cases, the newborn dies. In subsequent pregnancies early treatment of the woman with intravenous immunoglobulin can be instituted, and the prognosis for the fetus will be excellent. Without treatment the prognosis can be severe. Crucial improvements of diagnosis require identification of the target antigen. For this identification, this work was based on two hypotheses: 1. The GALD antigen is exclusively expressed in the fetal liver during normal fetal life in all pregnancies; 2. The GALD antigen is an alloantigen expressed in the fetal liver with the woman being homozygous for the minor allele and the father being, most frequently, homozygous for the major allele. We used three different experimental approaches to identify the liver target antigen of maternal antibodies from women who had given birth to a baby with the clinical GALD diagnosis: 1. Immunoprecipitation of antigens from either a human liver cell line or human fetal livers by immunoprecipitation with maternal antibodies followed by mass spectrometry analysis of captured antigens; 2. Construction of a cDNA expression library from human fetal liver mRNA and screening about 1.3 million recombinants in Escherichia coli using antibodies from mothers of babies diagnosed with GALD; 3. Exome/genome sequencing of DNA from 26 presumably unrelated women who had previously given birth to a child with GALD with husband controls and supplementary HLA typing. In conclusion, using the three experimental approaches we did not identify the GALD target antigen and the exome/genome sequencing results did not support the hypothesis that the GALD antigen is an alloantigen, but the results do not yield basis for excluding that the antigen is exclusively expressed during fetal life., which is the hypothesis we favor. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6c90ac40f7e14cda8962eef73d907e21 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6c90ac40f7e14cda8962eef73d907e212024-11-28T05:31:15ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032023-01-011810e028643210.1371/journal.pone.0286432Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD).Klaus RieneckKaren Koefoed RasmussenErwin M SchoofFrederik Banch ClausenHenrietta HolzeThomas BergholtMarianne Hørby JørgensenVibeke Brix ChristensenRunar AlmaasPeter Lüttge JordalMarie Locard-PauletKasper RunagerLeif Kofoed NielsenBalthasar Clemens SchlotmannJoachim Lütken WeischenfeldtLars Juhl JensenMorten Hanefeld DziegielThe prevailing concept is that gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD) is caused by maternal antibodies targeting a currently unknown antigen on the liver of the fetus. This leads to deposition of complement on the fetal hepatocytes and death of the fetal hepatocytes and extensive liver injury. In many cases, the newborn dies. In subsequent pregnancies early treatment of the woman with intravenous immunoglobulin can be instituted, and the prognosis for the fetus will be excellent. Without treatment the prognosis can be severe. Crucial improvements of diagnosis require identification of the target antigen. For this identification, this work was based on two hypotheses: 1. The GALD antigen is exclusively expressed in the fetal liver during normal fetal life in all pregnancies; 2. The GALD antigen is an alloantigen expressed in the fetal liver with the woman being homozygous for the minor allele and the father being, most frequently, homozygous for the major allele. We used three different experimental approaches to identify the liver target antigen of maternal antibodies from women who had given birth to a baby with the clinical GALD diagnosis: 1. Immunoprecipitation of antigens from either a human liver cell line or human fetal livers by immunoprecipitation with maternal antibodies followed by mass spectrometry analysis of captured antigens; 2. Construction of a cDNA expression library from human fetal liver mRNA and screening about 1.3 million recombinants in Escherichia coli using antibodies from mothers of babies diagnosed with GALD; 3. Exome/genome sequencing of DNA from 26 presumably unrelated women who had previously given birth to a child with GALD with husband controls and supplementary HLA typing. In conclusion, using the three experimental approaches we did not identify the GALD target antigen and the exome/genome sequencing results did not support the hypothesis that the GALD antigen is an alloantigen, but the results do not yield basis for excluding that the antigen is exclusively expressed during fetal life., which is the hypothesis we favor.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286432 |
| spellingShingle | Klaus Rieneck Karen Koefoed Rasmussen Erwin M Schoof Frederik Banch Clausen Henrietta Holze Thomas Bergholt Marianne Hørby Jørgensen Vibeke Brix Christensen Runar Almaas Peter Lüttge Jordal Marie Locard-Paulet Kasper Runager Leif Kofoed Nielsen Balthasar Clemens Schlotmann Joachim Lütken Weischenfeldt Lars Juhl Jensen Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). PLoS ONE |
| title | Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). |
| title_full | Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). |
| title_fullStr | Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). |
| title_short | Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). |
| title_sort | hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease gald |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286432 |
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